Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.23.5 (cathepsin D)
 4,130 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of curing agents (salt, nitrate, ascorbic acid and glucose) and processing parameters (pH, water activity and drying and cooking temperatures) on pork muscle cathepsins B, D, H and L as well as leucyl, arginyl and tyrosyl hydrolysing activities is reported. Salt (60 g/l) showed a powerful inhibitory effect, especially on cathepsin D and aminopeptidase activities where less than 13% of the original activity was recovered. Cathepsin H was also affected (38% of the original activity) while cathepsins B and B+L recovered 72.5 and 63.0%, respectively. Nitrate (0.2-0.25 g/l) and ascorbic acid (0.2-0.4 g/l) did not significantly affect the enzyme activities. On the other hand, 0.5-2 g/l of glucose activated both cathepsins B and D with an increase of 39.5 and 28.5% and also leucyl and arginyl hydrolysing activities which were 75.0 and 24.0%, respectively. No aminopeptidase activity was detected when assayed in 100 mM sodium citrate buffer, pH 5.1. Cathepsin H was also very affected at that pH and only 12.0% of activity was recovered. A decrease in water activity, especially below 0.84, also affected the enzyme activities which were found below 50%. Temperatures in the usual range of the drying process (22 and 30 degrees C) gave substantial enzyme activities (around 40-50 and 80%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Activities of pork muscle proteases in model cured meat systems. 161 Sep 40

Three distinct lysosomal protease activities have been identified in the human leukemia cell line, K562. These include cathepsin D, the classic protease of the mature red blood cell, as well as two proteases, cathepsins B and H, which have been associated with development and differentiation in a variety of tissues. Each of these three lysosomal proteases was expressed in a specific fashion during hemoglobin induction in K562 cells. Both cathepsin B and cathepsin D activities could be induced by growth of K562 cells in medium containing either hemin or heat-treated serum or by increasing the concentrations of untreated serum in the medium. Cathepsin H activity in the same cells remained unchanged. This is the first report of inducible protease activities in K562 cells. Our identification of specific well-characterized protease activities that change differentially during K562 induction provides a framework for additional studies on the role of proteases in hematopoietic differentiation.
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PMID:Expression and induction of cathepsins B and D in K562 cells. 333 32

Cathepsin H was purified from human liver by a method involving autolysis and acetone fractionation, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Ultrogel AcA 54, hydroxyapatite and concanavalin A-Sepharose. The procedure allowed for the simultaneous isolation of cathepsin B and cathepsin D. Cathepsin H was shown to consist of a single polypeptide chain of 28 000 mol.wt., and affinity for concanavalin A-Sepharose indicated that it was a glycoprotein. The enzyme existed in multiple isoelectric forms, the two major forms having pI values of 6.0 and 6.4; it hydrolysed azocasein (pH optimum 5.5), benzoylarginine 2-naphthylamide (Ba-Arg-NNap), leucyl 2-naphthylamide (Arg-NNap), (pH optimum 6.8). Arg-NNap and Arg-NMec, unlike Bz-Arg-NNap-, were not hydrolysed by human cathepsin B. Cathepsin H was similar to cathepsin B in being irreversibly inactivated by exposure to alkaline pH. Sensitivity to chemical inhibitors by 1 microM-leupeptin, which gave essentially complete inhibition of the other lysosomal cysteine proteinases, cathepsins B and L.
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PMID:Human cathepsin H. 616 52

Lysosomal cysteine proteinases were fractionated from partially purified rat muscle lysosomes. By gel filtration on Sephadex G75, cathepsin D was separated from two thiol-requiring proteolytic fractions of Mr 25 000 and 55 000, respectively. By chromatofocusing, the first fraction (Mr = 25 000) was resolved into three isoenzymic forms of cathepsin H, eluted at pH 5.8, 6.0 and 7.2, respectively, and two isoenzymic forms of cathepsin B, eluted at pH 5.5 and 5.25. Cathepsin H isoenzymes hydrolyzed Arg-NNap and BANA, were totally inhibited by 1 mM p-CMB and only to 60% by 5.10(-5) M leupeptin. The two forms of cathepsin B which degraded Z-Phe-Arg-NMec, Z-Arg-Arg-NNap and BANA were very sensitive to p-CMB and leupeptin. In addition to cathepsins B and H, a typical cathepsin-L- like activity was found in this fraction but only as a very minor component. The high Mr fraction (Mr = 55 000) contained a cysteine proteinase hydrolyzing, at pH 6.0, Z-Phe-Arg-NMec, and to a lesser extent Z-Arg-Arg-NNap and BANA. Unlike cathepsins B and H, it was very sensitive to p-CMB and HgCl2 and was fully activated only in the presence of 10 mM DTT, and inhibited to 93% by 2.10(-8) M leupeptin. By chromatofocusing, it was resolved into several isoenzymatic forms, eluted between pH 5.8 and 4.0.
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PMID:Cysteine proteinase content of rat muscle lysosomes. Evidence for an unusual proteinase activity. 639

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common childhood autoimmune rheumatic disease and like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is characterized by inflammation and the progressive destruction of joints. In RA, cathepsins as proteinases play a major role in destroying synovial tissue and cartilage matrix. So far no data on cathepsin expression in pannus tissue of HA patients exist. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression levels of cathepsins B, D, H, and L in HA and to compare them with those in RA. Synovectomy tissue from 16 HA and 12 RA patients was investigated for cathepsin expression levels by Western blot analysis. Expression of cathepsins B, D and L was on comparable levels in the synovectomy tissue of HA and RA patients. The following graduation of expression was determined: cathepsin D > cathepsin L > cathepsin B. Cathepsin H was neither found to be expressed in HA nor in RA patients. The expression levels of cathepsins in pannus tissue showed no clear difference between patients with systemic JIA and patients with monoarticular JIA. In summary, the comparable expression of cathepsins B, D and L in RA and JIA synovectomy tissue suggests that they may play a similarly important role in destroying synovial tissue and cartilage matrix in the course of HA and RA.
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PMID:Expression of cathepsin B, D and L protein in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. 1238 47

Abnormal proteolysis may be involved in the motor neuron degeneration of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although several studies of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in ALS have been reported, the endosome-lysosome system has not been investigated in detail. To clarify the association of neurodegeneration with the endosome-lysosome system in ALS, we examined the pathological expression of cysteine proteases such as cathepsins B, H and L and an aspartate protease, cathepsin D, in the anterior horns of 15 ALS cases and 5 controls. In the ALS cases, cathepsin B immunoreactivity was preferentially decreased in the lateral parts of the anterior gray horns compared with the controls. Its immunoreactivity was increased in the cytoplasm of both shrunken and pigmented neurons but was weak in the neurons containing Bunina bodies. In addition, reactive astrocytes were also immunolabeled with cathepsin B. Cathepsin H and cathepsin L were detected in the cytoplasm of a small number of shrunken and pigmented neurons. Cathepsin D immunoreactivity was strong in the cytoplasm of all motor neurons. The immunoreactivity of cathepsins H, L and D was not significantly different between control and ALS cases. Western blot analysis showed that the 25-kDa activated form of cathepsin B was down-regulated in ALS. Our results suggest that cathepsin B is involved in the motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
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PMID:Involvement of cathepsin B in the motor neuron degeneration of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 1267 46

In the majority of neoplasms invasion is inevitably linked to metastasis and even small tumors have the dormant potential for metastasis. In basal cell carcinoma (BCC) invasion can be evaluated separately because local invasion but no metastasis occurs. Important proteases in invasion and metastasis are the cathepsins. Their activity and regulation has not yet been evaluated in BCC. We determined the activities, immunoreactivities and mRNA of cathepsins B, L and H in sections of different subtypes of BCC. BCC cells and peritumoral cells contained activities for cathepsins B and L. In all parts of the tumor, the reaction with cathepsin B and L substrate was stronger than in normal skin. The immunoreactive protein and mRNA for these proteases, in contrast, was elevated only occasionally in small tumor nodules. Immunoreactive protein and mRNA of cathepsin D was detected predominantly in the center of tumor nodules. Cathepsin H activities, immunoreactivities and mRNA in most BCCs were higher than in normal skin, and the reactive cells were located between and around tumor nodules, but not in the tumor nests. The results indicate that cathepsins B and L are involved in invasion of BCC cells. Cathepsin H of the peritumoral cells may either promote invasion of the tumor cells by degradation of the extracellular matrix or may reflect an elevated activity of the surrounding immunological cells. The pattern of cathepsin staining markedly differs from that observed in melanomas and may characterize locally invading non-metastatic tumors.
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PMID:Cathepsins in basal cell carcinomas: activity, immunoreactivity and mRNA staining of cathepsins B, D, H and L. 1476 79

Most soluble lysosomal hydrolases are sorted in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and delivered to the lysosomes by the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). However, the non-enzymic sphingolipid activator protein (SAP), prosaposin, as well as certain soluble lysosomal hydrolases, is sorted and trafficked to the lysosomes by sortilin. Based on previous results demonstrating that prosaposin requires sphingomyelin to be targeted to the lysosomes, we hypothesized that sortilin and its ligands are found in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). To test this hypothesis we have analyzed DRM fractions and demonstrated the presence of sortilin and its ligand, prosaposin. Our results showed that both the M6PR and its cargo, cathepsin B, were also present in DRMs. Cathepsin H has previously been demonstrated to interact with sortilin, while cathepsin D interacts with both sortilin and the M6PR. Both of these soluble lysosomal proteins were also found in DRM fractions. Using sortilin shRNA we have showed that prosaposin is localized to DRM fractions only in the presence of sortilin. These observations suggest that in addition to interacting with the same adaptor proteins, such as GGAs, AP-1 and retromer, both sortilin and the M6PR localize to similar membrane platforms, and that prosaposin must interact with sortilin to be recruited to DRMs.
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PMID:Sortilin and prosaposin localize to detergent-resistant membrane microdomains. 1899 38