Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.23.5 (cathepsin D)
 4,130 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Formaldehyde is known to react with proteins. The purpose of our experiments was to analyse in vitro the effect of formaldehyde on the physicochemical and biological properties of hemoglobin molecules. The effect of formaldehyde concentration, reaction time, pH and temperature on hemoglobin free amino groups was estimated. The modified hemoglobin was analysed using electrophoretic, potentiometric and spectrophotometric techniques. Reaction between formaldehyde and hemoglobin was accelerated by increasing concentration of formaldehyde and higher temperature. This reaction was most intensive during the first few hours at pH 7.4 so the amount of free amino groups of hemoglobin was significantly diminished by directly mixing formaldehyde with hemoglobin. The modified protein was characterized by the increase in electrophoretic mobility and the decrease in maximum absorption derived from porphyrin rings. Formaldehyde modified hemoglobin was less susceptible to the action of cathepsin D.
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PMID:Formaldehyde-induced modification of hemoglobin in vitro. 1052 79

Cathepsin D is one of the main proteolytic enzymes contributing to the development of cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of cathepsin D in 48 colorectal adenocarcinomas at pT3 stage of clinical advancement and G2 histologic grade. The correlation between cathepsin D expression, anatomo-clinical advancement and the presence of chosen anatomo-clinical properties of the tumours was also analysed. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were investigated with anti-cathepsin D antibody. Immunolocalisation of cathepsin D was performed using Labelled Streptavidin Biotin (LSAB) method. A statistical correlation was found between high catepsin D expression in the cells of the main mass of the cancer and low cathepsin D expression in low-differentiated cancer cells which formed nests at the border of cancer invasion. There was no correlation between cathepsin D expression in the cells of colorectal cancer and other anatomo-clinical parameters of the tumours.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of cathepsin D expression in colorectal cancer. 1137 1

CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule involved in tumour growth and progression. This study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of CD44 standard protein in a series of 54 colorectal adenocarcinomas in correlation with cathepsin D immunoreactivity and some other clinicopathological variables. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were investigated with anti-CD44 standard protein and anti-cathepsin D antibody. Immunolocalisation of CD44 protein and cathepsin D was performed using LSAB method. 13 (41.9%) out of 31 carcinomas without lymph-node metastases had positive CD44 expression, whereas only 6 (26.1%) out of 23 carcinomas with lymph-node metastases were found positive for CD44 expression. CD44 expression in carcinomas was positively correlated with tumour cells cathepsin D (p<0.01) immunostaining. statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of CD44 standard protein and the tumour site, age and sex of the patients. These results suggest that the standard-type CD44 protein lymph-node metastases, probably with cooperation of cathepsin D.
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PMID:CD44 expression in colorectal cancer. An immunohistochemical study including correlation with cathepsin D immunoreactivity and some tumour clinicopathological features. 1182 May 82

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens represent a potentially valuable resource for protein biomarker investigations. In this study, proteins were extracted by a heat-induced antigen retrieval technique combined with a retrieval solution containing 2% SDS from FFPE tissues of normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues (NNET) and three histological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with diverse differentiation degrees. Then two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling was employed to quantitatively identify the differentially expressed proteins among the types of NPC FFPE tissues. Our study resulted in the identification of 730 unique proteins, the distributions of subcellular localizations and molecular functions of which were similar to those of the proteomic database of human NPC and NNET that we had set up based on the frozen tissues. Additionally, the relative expression levels of cathepsin D, keratin8, SFN, and stathmin1 identified and quantified in this report were consistent with the immunohistochemistry results acquired in our previous study. In conclusion, we have developed an effective approach to identifying protein changes in FFPE NPC tissues utilizing iTRAQ technology in conjunction with an economical and easily accessible sample preparation method.
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PMID:Quantitative proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded nasopharyngeal carcinoma using iTRAQ labeling, two-dimensional liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. 2012 91

The key features of malignant neoplasms are their local invasiveness and metastatic potential. Syndecan-1 - integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan and cathepsins D and K - lysosomal proteases are important factors influencing different aspects of these processes. The study was undertaken to determine their expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and analyze relationship to selected clinicopathological features as well as to survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 39 advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were used for immunohistochemical staining. The epithelial and stromal staining were evaluated separately and compared to conventional clinicopathological features and one-year survival. Positive epithelial immunostaining for syndecan-1, cathepsin D and K were observed in 82.05%, 56.41% and 30.77% of tumors, respectively. However, stromal staining was noted in 51.28%, 51.28% and 46.15% ones, respectively. Epithelial syndecan-1-positive cases were significantly more frequent in well- and moderately differentiated carcinomas. Stromal cathepsin D expression predominated in tumors with infiltrative growth pattern. However, there were no statistically significant differences between any marker-positive and -negative groups with respect to other clinicopathological features studied. The only factors significantly influencing one-year survival were epithelial cathepsin D staining and distant metastasis. In a group of patients who survived one year post surgery, the percentage of cases with negative epithelial cathepsin D staining and without features of distant metastasis were higher. The results may suggest a relationship between syndecan-1 and cathepsins D and K with growth and invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but such thesis requires further study on a larger and more heterogeneous population.
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PMID:Expression of syndecan-1 and cathepsins D and K in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. 2043 Jul 22


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