Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.23.5 (cathepsin D)
 4,130 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Erythropoietin (Epo) and the epo-receptor (EpoR) have been implicated in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. We previously demonstrated Epo and EpoR expression in a small group of archived papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), but were unable to examine functional integrity using formalin-fixed tissues. In the present study, we examined the in vitro expression, induction and function of Epo and EpoR in papillary (NPA), follicular (WRO) and anaplastic (ARO-81) thyroid cancer cells. We found that all three cell lines expressed Epo and EpoR mRNA and that the hypoxia-mimetic cobalt induced Epo expression in all cell lines. None of the growth factors we examined (thyrotropin, vascular endothelial growth factor, IGF-I, or human Epo) altered Epo or EpoR gene expression. Importantly, however, administration of Epo to NPA but not WRO cells resulted in significant alterations in the expression of several mitogenic genes including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), beta-casein (CSN2), wild type p53-induced gene-1 (WIG1) and cathepsin D (CTSD). Epo treated ARO-81 cells only had an increase in CSN2 expression. We conclude that Epo and EpoR are expressed by thyroid cancers and that stimulation of the Epo/EpoR signal pathway results in changes that could impact on the clinical behavior of thyroid cancers.
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PMID:Erythropoietin in thyroid cancer. 1669 98

The aim of this study was to establish a fasting-refeeding protocol to investigate the expression of growth-related genes during the transition between catabolic and anabolic states in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Juveniles of approximately 950 g were maintained at ambient temperature (5-8 degrees C) until the 1st of May, then fasted for two months and refed for two months at 7.7-8.0 degrees C under continuous low light. Fast epaxial myotomal muscle was sampled at -64 d (days), -38 d, 0 d (start of refeeding), 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 30 d and 60 d. Average body mass was unchanged over the fasting period but increased by 24.4% following 60 d refeeding. qPCR was used to analyse the stability of expression of five potential reference genes (Eef2, Fau, 18SrRNA, Actb and Tubb2) with GeNorm and Normfinder. Expression of the growth-related genes, cathepsin B (ctsb), cathepsin D (ctsd), insulin-like growth factor-I and II (IGF-I and II) and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor 1a (IGF-IRa) was normalised using the geometric average of the two most stable housekeeping genes, Fau and 18SrRNA. IGF-I mRNA showed a transient 2.6-fold increase in abundance with refeeding at 7 d whilst transcripts for IGF-II and IGF-IRa were elevated during fasting and decreased 3.8-fold and 3-fold between the 0 d and 3 d samples respectively. Ctsb expression increased between -64 d and 0 d and then decreased approximately 10-fold by 14 d refeeding. In contrast, ctsd was relatively unaffected by the fasting-refeeding cycle, showing a modest (approximately 35%) transient decrease in expression between the 0 d and 30 d refeeding samples. It was concluded that the experimental protocol adopted and housekeeping genes identified were suitable for investigating the catabolic-anabolic transition in halibut skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Expression of growth-related genes in muscle during fasting and refeeding of juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. 1883 58


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