Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.23.16 (HIV-1 protease)
 2,107 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Different proteins have been isolated from bovine milk including lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, glycolactin, angiogenin-1, lactogenin, alpha-lactalbumin, lactoglobulin and casein. These proteins have been assayed for inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase, enzymes crucial to the HIV-1 life cycle. It was found that different milk proteins inhibited the three aforementioned HIV enzymes to different extents. Lactoferrin strongly inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase but only slightly inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase. On the other hand, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase to an appreciable extent but did not inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Glycolactin and angiogenin-1 suppressed the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by a moderate extent but more powerfully inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase. In comparison with the other milk proteins glycolactin was a strong inhibitor of HIV-1 protease and integrase and a moderate inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Lactogenin was a strong inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, a moderate inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and a weak inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase by bovine milk proteins. 1166 64

Milk contains an array of proteins with useful bioactivities. Many milk proteins encompassing native or chemically modified casein, lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-lactoglobulin demonstrated antiviral activities. Casein and alpha-lactalbumin gained anti-HIV activity after modification with 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride. Many milk proteins inhibited HIV reverse transcriptase. Bovine glycolactin, angiogenin-1, lactogenin, casein, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, bovine lactoferrampin, and human lactoferrampin inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase. Several mammalian lactoferrins prevented hepatitis C infection. Lactoferrin, methylated alpha-lactalbumin and methylated beta-lactoglobulin inhibited human cytomegalovirus. Chemically modified alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactoferricin, methylated alpha-lactalbumin, methylated and ethylated beta-lactoglobulins inhibited HSV. Chemically modified bovine beta-lactoglobulin had antihuman papillomavirus activity. Beta-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, esterified beta-lactoglobulin, and esterified lactoferrindisplayed anti-avian influenza A (H5N1) activity. Lactoferrin inhibited respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis B virus, adenovirus, poliovirus, hantavirus, sindbis virus, semliki forest virus, echovirus, and enterovirus. Milk mucin, apolactoferrin, Fe(3+)-lactoferrin, beta-lactoglobulin, human lactadherin, bovine IgG, and bovine kappa-casein demonstrated antihuman rotavirus activity.
...
PMID:Antiviral activities of whey proteins. 2619 83