Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a paracrine hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It counterbalances the negative actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) acting in the cardiovascular system, kidneys and central nervous system, and is responsible for blood pressure regulation and antiproliferative effects. Current data strongly suggest the existence of a specific receptor for this peptide. The concentration of Ang-(1-7) increases significantly during the administration of RAS blockers. One may suggest the involvement of this peptide in a beneficial effect of these drugs.
Pol J Pharmacol
PMID:Angiotensin-(1-7). One step forward? 1094 8

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia are presumed to participate in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH). Insulin resistance is characterised by an impaired insulin-mediated glucose uptake. Participation of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of hyperinsulinaemia in EH patients has not been unanimously proven. The present study aimed to asses the influence of antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, enalapril = 10 mg/day) (9 male patients) or angiotensin II AT-1 receptor blocker (A II RB = losartan 50 mg/day) (9 male patients) respectively on insulin sensitivity in patients with EH. 3-hours euglycaemic clamp test with constant infusion of insulin (50 mU/m2/min) was performed twice: before and after 8 weeks of therapy with ACEI or A II RB respectively. The control group (CG) consisted of 12 healthy males (clamp test was performed once). Serum insulin concentration (I) was estimated by radioimmunoassay. Glucose disposal rate (M-value = mg/kg/min) and tissue insulin sensitivity (M/I value = mg/kg/min per mU/l) were calculated in subjects of the CG and in patients with EH before and after antihypertensive therapy with ACEI or A II RB, respectively. In CG the M-value (7.38 +/- 0.13) and tissue insulin sensitivity (M/I = = 6.76 +/- 0.19) were significantly higher than in EH before treatment with ACEI (M-value = 5.44 +/- 0.16; M/I = = 4.57 +/- 0.18) or A II RB (M-value = 5.75 +/- 0.21; M/I = 4.77 +/- 0.31), respectively. ACEI therapy was followed by a significant increase of both M (6.82 +/- 0.25) and M/I (5.68 +/- 0.25) values. In contrast to ACEI, treatment with A II RB did not influence neither M (5.75 +/- 0.21) nor M/I (4.79 +/- 0.21) values respectively. In contrast to A II RB, ACEI shows a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity in EH patients. This effect does not seem to be mediated by an influence on the AT-1 receptor.
Pol Arch Med Wewn
PMID:[The effect of treatment with enalapril versus losartan on levels of insulin resistance in patients with essential hypertension]. 1123 38

Increased pressure load and neurohumoral activation are main factors involved in pathomechanism of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertension (HT). To gain insight into the involvement of neurohumoral factors responsible for cardiac hypertrophy, plasma level of aldosterone (Aldo), plasma renin activity (PRA), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), pro-endothelin-1 (pro-ET) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured in HT patients (pts) and compared between pts with and without LVH. Also relationships between neurohormones and LV mass index (LVMI), mean blood pressure (MBP) were assessed separately in HT pts with and without LVH. 121 HT patients (pts) of age 17-79 (mean 48 +/- 15.3) were divided into three groups: 1-53 pts with mild HT, 2-44 pts with moderate HT and 3-24 pts with severe HT. Each of the group was divided into pts with and without LVH further all HT pts were divided into two groups; with and without LVH. Control group consisted of 39 healthy normotensives. LV mass was assessed echocardiographically and plasma levels of IGF-1, PRA, Aldo, pro-ET, and ANP were measured by radioimmunoassay in each pts and controls. LVH was found in 35.8% pts with mild HT, in 68.18% pts with moderate HT and in 100% pts with severe HT. The level of all measured neurohormones were significantly higher in pts with LVH compared to pts without LVH (p < 0.001). In pts with LVH there was significant correlation between LVMI and IGF-1, PRA, Aldo, pro-ET-1 and ANP, contrary to pts without LVH in which such correlations was not found. In pts with LVH there was also significant correlation between MBP and IGF-1, PRA, ANP and pro-ET-1. Increased plasma level of PRA, Aldo, IGF-1, pro-ET-1 and ANP in HT pts with LVH and significant correlation between measured neurohormones and LVMI suggests their contribution to LVH in HT pts. Significant correlation between LVMI, MBP and IGF-1 level, PRA and ANP indicate interplay between hemodynamic and neuroendocrine factors in pathomechanism of LVH.
Pol Arch Med Wewn
PMID:[Neurohumoral factors in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy]. 1123 55

Increase of renal expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) gene caused by activation of the local renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis (GN). The aim of the present study was to measure the expression of renin and TGF-beta 1 genes (own modification of the RT-PCR method) in the isolated renal glomeruli or in the homogenates of renal biopsy specimens in children with various types of glomerulonephritis. The study enrolled 13 children with glomerulonephritis and 3 boys with Wilm's tumour (control group). The expression of the studied genes was presented using arbitrary units defined as multiplicity of the GAPDH gene. No significant difference was found in expression of mRNA renin in the biopsy specimens of the kidney between GN group and control group. Expression of the TGF-beta 1 gene was found in biopsy specimens in all patients from the control group, and only in one GN child, the sole one who was not treated with converting-enzyme inhibitors. No transcripts of the studied genes were found in all RNA samples obtained from the renal glomeruli using the microdissection method. The RT-PCR method applied in the present study allows evaluation of renal expression of renin and TGF-beta 1 genes. The authors would like to point out that storage of biopsy specimens at -80 degrees C would not prevent the total degradation of RNA during microdissection.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2001 Apr
PMID:[Renal gene expression of renin and transforming growth factor Beta 1 in children with glomerulonephritis]. 1143 69

The greatest belief that the group of patients with primary hypertension is heterogeneous and the progress which took place in the last few years in the research study concerning primary hypertension induced to recapitulation of the given data to asses the influence of the primary hypertension on the pregnant woman and the fetus. The study presented with clinical data claims that 50% of women with mild and moderate primary hypertension showed spontaneous reduction of blood pressure levels in the first months of pregnancy. The results should be taken under consideration when treating the hypertension. Simultaneously, at present the medicine does not posses the ability to indicate the type of hypertension which manifests itself in the second half of pregnancy, it is being proposed to monitor the evaluation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during pregnancy, as being helpful to the physician. All the study concerning the activity of the RAA system during pregnancy with the pregnancy induced hypertension showed remarkably lower growth levels with the gestational age unlike the pregnancy with the primary hypertension. The mild as well as moderate primary hypertension does not implicate any danger to the woman nor the fetus. But the simultaneous incidence of the pregnancy induced hypertension deteriorates the prognosis for both the woman and the fetus. The most sensitive prognostic factor for the pregnant woman with primary hypertension is the evaluation of the blood pressure levels in the first half of pregnancy. The study also covers the importance of the arterial hypertension family history among both healthy and those with primary hypertension pregnant women.
Ginekol Pol 2001 Jun
PMID:[Primary hypertension, positive family history and pregnancy]. 1152 52

In the recent years genetic background of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) are intensively investigated. Genetically determined differences in activity of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are of importance to hypertension susceptibility. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) was suggested to play an important role in the aetiology of idiopathic hypertension. We have tested if this polymorphism could be associated with PIH. ACE polymorphism was investigated in 87 pregnant women with PIH and in 110 healthy pregnant women (control group). Investigation was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We have amplified genomic DNA excteracted by phenol-chloroform method from blood leucocytes. We have detected overrepresentation of the I allele in the PIH group (47.2% and 41.4% in PIH and controls, respectively). ACE genotype frequency in control group was in agreement with expected values, according to Hardy-Weinberg law, but in the PIH group the obtained values were different from expected. This observation confirmed the possible role of I allele in aetiology of PIH, and we believe that continuation of this investigation is necessary.
Ginekol Pol 2001 Aug
PMID:[Polymorphism of gene angiotensin converting enzyme in pregnancy induced hypertension]. 1159 44

Endothelin-1 was first identified by Yanagisawa in 1988 and shown to be a potent and sustained vasoconstrictor and pressure peptide. Endothelial cells line all blood vessels and are capable of generating endothelin-1; receptors for the endothelins are widely expressed, particularly in tissues involved in cardiovascular regulation, including the heart, blood vessels, kidney and brain. Endothelin-1 has potent vasoconstrictor properties and the coronary, renal and cerebral blood vessels appear particularly sensitive. Moreover, endothelin-1 has activity as co-mitogen, interacts with the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin system. These properties indicate a likelihood that the endothelin system is of functional importance in human cardiovascular physiology and may play a role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. It is possible that endothelin antagonists might be effective in the treatment of diseases associated with intermittent or sustained vasoconstriction.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2001 Nov
PMID:[The role of endothelins in human cardiovascular disease]. 1185 20

Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases with complex etiology, pathogenesis, morphological features and clinical course. The renin-angiotensin system genes are important group of candidate genes involved in pathogenesis of chronic renal diseases. The purpose of our study was to analyze the association of genetic polymorphisms of these genes with glomerular kidney diseases. The study population consisted of 52 patients with immunological glomerular kidney diseases and 50 hemodialyzed patients with end-stage renal failure with glomerulonephritis as primary disease. The control group consisted of 200 healthy subjects. By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the following polymorphisms were evaluated: insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in intron 16 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE), M235T polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) and A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (AT1R). No significant association was found between the ACE allele and genotype frequencies and the disease. The allele frequency of the M235T polymorphism was different from that observed in the control group, but differences in the genotype distribution were not statistically significant. The CC genotype of the AT1R gene polymorphism was significantly more frequent in patients than controls. This suggests an increased susceptibility to renal diseases in individuals carrying the CC genotype. This relationship is not associated with hypertension. Our results suggest that in the Polish population the AT1R gene polymorphism might be associated with increased susceptibility to chronic renal diseases.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 2001 Jun
PMID:[Renin-angiotensin system genes in chronic glomerulonephritis]. 1186 75

In 430 patients (pts) with hypertension (209F + 221M, mean age 46 +/- 13 yrs) screening value of the captopril angioscintigraphic test (CAT) was evaluated in years 1986-2001 in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension (RVHT). Captopril renin test (CRT) and CAT were performed simultaneously in all 430 pts. Classical renal angiography was performed in 95 pts suspected for RVHT on the basis of clinical anamnesis and positive result at least one of captopril tests. Results were as follows. The critical renal artery stenosis (RAS) was found in 47 pts. At least one positive captopril test was found in 42 from 47 pts with critical RAS in angiography. CRT was found to be more sensitive and CAT more specific for hemodynamically significant RAS. The absence of false positive results of CAT as well as considerable percentage of false positive results of CRT stress the importance of isotopic test as the screening test for the diagnosis of RVT. Simplicity of the test, availability as well as immediately obtained result allow to propose CAT as a routine ambulatory screening test for RVHT.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 2001 Nov
PMID:[Captopril angioscintigraphic test in the screening for renovascular hypertension in the light of long-term own observation (1098-2001)]. 1202 13

The aim of the study was to compare hypotensive reaction after treatment with enalapril and enalapril with isosorbide mononitrate in patients with mild and moderate hypertension. Investigations were carried out in 49 patients. In every patient at baseline and after 3 hours from oral administration of enalapril or enalapril and isosorbide mononitrate plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and blood pressure were estimated. All measurements were repeated after 7 days of treatment. Adding a nitric oxide donor--isosorbide mononitrate--to enalapril does not enhance decrease in blood pressure nor influence plasma renin activity, plasma ACE activity nor plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with mild and moderate hypertension.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2002 Jul
PMID:[Effect of isosorbide mononitrate on hypotensive action of enalapril in patients with mild and moderate hypertension]. 1236 4


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