Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
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The essential EPH-gestosis seems to have multiple aetiological factors and the disease develops already a long time before the appearance of the classical symptoms. The disturbed renal function is the main point among secondary pathological effects as the damaged placenta, the disseminated coagulation, the glomerular endotheliosis, the increased retention of water and sodium with increased arterial responsiveness. It may be that this reduced reversible renal function is of extra-renal origin. As predisposing factors were discussed the reduced uteroplacental circulation with the release of still unknown pressor substances or decreased inactivation of pressor amines, the uterorenal reflex mechanism, the disturbed homeostasis of the body fluids and the vegetativ-hypothalamic crisis etc. But other factors may also be participate on this disease as immunological and hormonal aspects, especially the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron-system and prostaglandins. To find out the aetiological factors we should examine the disease at the beginning in comparison with normal pregnancy. These factors must explain why the true EPH-gestosis appears mainly during the first pregnancy and frequently in twins and so on.
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PMID:[A critical review of hypothetical causes of EPH-gestosis]. 98 86

In experiments with animals it was investigated the endurance of the myometrial and the blood flow of the renal cortex during endogenous pressure substances. At the same time it was tested, if treatment with sexual hormones or a pregnancy had the tested principles and changes through pressure substances, and that the changes were significant. The investigations were conducted on three groups of female rabbits. The blood changes in myometrial and in the uterine were measured and continually registered with the special heated thermistor, from the principle of the thermoclearance. The success of the blood pressure was intraarterial measured with an electric mechanism. Precisely the same doses (in relativity of the animals weight) of pressure substances were applied with an infusions pump intravenously. And pressure substances Angiotensin II, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine, and their actions on the blood pressure and blood flow through the myometrium and through the renal cortex were examined. Altogether 131 values were registered. The results of the study that were statistically secure were as follows: a) The uterine blood flow pro tissue volume unit stays constant also by pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. b) The blood flow of the kidney is perhaps twice as high as the myometrial. c) The myometrial blood flow is with the arterial systolic blood pressure tightly correlated. Blood pressure increases through Angiotensin-infusion and also recovery of the uterine blood flow. d) An autoregulation of the uterine blood flow is not observed. e) The decrease of the renal blood flow after the giving of pressure substances was not modified through pregnancy. f) In quality the behaviour of the organ blood flow is the same after applied infusion of the pressure substances. Quantity differences exist however between Angiotensin II, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine. The method of measuring the blood flow through the uterus and in the kidney was placed in one view there. The finding of another examination groups for the problem of the organ blood flow in pregnancy was under critical consideration the methods combined and in connection with the proper examinations discussed. Till now in the theory over the cause of EPH-syndrom the predominate recently compiled comprehensive summary was; the proper body pressure substances--especially from the renin Angiotensin system--after chronical invoices it was decides diminished uterus blood flow appeared. After the earlier results were not all secure. The proper examination speech was therefore, that regarding the kidney function relevant alterations, also unter the conditions of pregnancy, are to be observed. The pressure dependant regulation of myometrial blood flow without proving autoregulation required however another test of the predominante gestose theory.
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PMID:[The experimental examination of the effect on the uterine blood flow of angiotensin II during pregnancy (author's transl)]. 99 65

In 12 healthy pregnant women, 14 women with mild or moderate late pregnancy gestosis (EPH) and in 12 non-pregnant women, the influence of head out water immersion (WI) on mean blood pressure (MAP), the renin-aldosterone system, vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic hormone (ANF) was examined. WI induced a prompt fall in MAP in all examined groups. This decrease of MAP was maximal after 1 h WI, showing a tendency to rise later on in pregnant women. Simultaneously a decrease of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone, AVP and an increase of ANF was noted. The WI induced endocrine reaction pattern was qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different in the examined groups. In contrast to the response of non-pregnant women, healthy pregnant women and women with EPH gestosis showed a significantly smaller increase in ANF secretion induced by WI. No correlation was found between PRA, plasma AVP, aldosterone and ANF respectively. In addition changes in PRA, aldosterone, AVP and ANF did not correlate with WI-induced changes in MAP. From data obtained in this paper it seems, that WI-induced MAP changes are not related significantly to changes of the above mentioned hormonal factors.
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PMID:Water immersion-induced endocrine alterations in women with EPH gestosis. 295

An intense activity of enzymes which actively participate in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was shown in extravillous trophoblast cells which are involved in the performing of spiral arteries into uteroplacental vessels. The hydrolase activity in villous trophoblast underwent important variations, but it was constant in cells of the extravillous trophoblast. Activity of lysosomal hydrolases, of leucine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase type, was markedly positive in X-cells, while negative in the villous trophoblast. Beta glucuronidase activity has shown moderate activity in cells of extravillous trophoblast, while in villous trophoblast it was weakly emphasized or negative. Intense activity of prostaglandin E2 dehydrogenase in the way of strongly emphasized microsomal reaction was noted exclusively in extravillous cells of basal plate, especially in perivascular cell groupings. Within all examined enzymes activities, only the membranous activity of alkaline phosphatase was of the same intensity in cells of extravillous trophoblast. Lacking of penetration of these cells into the spiral arteries wall in EPH-gestosis, which also means loss of their close contact with the blood of a pregnant, implicates the practical meaning of these observations.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic and immunocytochemical characteristics of extravillous trophoblast cells of placental basal plate as parameter of their function in hypertensive pregnancy. 1213 10