Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The angiotensin II (AT II) levels in plasma were measured 68 times by using radio-immunoassay in 30 patients with viral hepatitis B (HB) and in 35 healthy persons as the control group. The results showed that the AT II levels of patients with HB were much higher than those of the control group (P less than 0.001). They were 219.25 +/- 91.31 ng/L and 60.70 +/- 10.73 ng/L, respectively. These indicated that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) of the patients was in exciting state. The levels of 8 cases of severe chronic active hepatitis (SCAH) (AT II = 270.40 +/- 106.55 ng/L, 6 cases of subacute fulminant hepatitis (SFH) (AT II = 332.80 +/- 140.12 ng/L), and 4 cases of hepatocirrhosis (HC) (AT II = 218.50 +/- 97.64 pg/ml) were all higher than those of 8 cases of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (100.50 +/- 83.81 ng/L) and those of 4 cases of acute icteric hepatitis (A1H) (123.33 +/- 64.97 ng/L). These findings showed that the levels of AT II were directly related with the severity of the illness. The AT II levels of 8 cases of HRS (270.50 +/- 66.31 ng/L) were higher that those without HRS (174.50 +/- 78.48 ng/L). After treatment with captopril (CPT), the renal function of the patients returned to normal and the patients got better, while the AT II levels decreased greatly. The results suggested that high AT II levels in plasma may be one of the causes aggressing the HRS. The CPT may inhibit the produce of AT II and there are some therapeutic effects for the HRS.
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PMID:[The relationship between hepatitis B and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]. 174 16

A 47-year-old male patient with alcoholic cirrhosis Child-Pugh grade C was admitted to our center for evaluation of liver transplantation. Serum creatinine had increased from 1.6 to 4.3 mg/100 ml within the previous two weeks, creatinine clearance was 12 ml/min, and urinary sodium 12 mmol/24 h. The diagnosis of HRS type I was established. Diuretic treatment was discontinued. Following albumin infusion, central venous pressure was increased to above 10 cm H2O and dopamine (2 micrograms/kg/min) infusion was started. However, renal function did not improve. An i.v. infusion of ornipressin (POR8, Sandoz; 6 IU/h) was started and dopamine infusion continued. During a four-hour interval, urinary volume and sodium excretion doubled. Therefore treatment was continued for three weeks. After 22 days, renal function had normalized (creatinine 1.2 mg/100 ml, creatinine clearance 65 ml/min, urinary sodium 62 mmol/24 h) and diuretic therapy was resumed. No adverse effects were observed. Ornipressin/dopamine infusion was discontinued and renal function remained normal. Three weeks later, the patient underwent liver transplantation with normal renal function. Ornipressin infusion had no effect on circulating endothelin, but decreased the activation of the renin-aldosterone system and of the sympathetic activity. So far, no noninvasive therapy of hepatorenal syndrome has been established. This is the first report of successful medical treatment of HRS type I with a three-week infusion of the vasopressin-l-receptor agonist ornipressin.
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PMID:[Successful conservative therapy of hepatorenal syndrome with vasopressin-1-receptor antagonist ornipressin]. 1002 57

HRS is a serious complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites and associated with a poor prognosis unless liver transplantation can be performed. Two different types of HES are being differentiated according to the clinical presentation: while HRS type I is characterised by rapid deterioration of renal function indicated by a two-fold increase of serum creatinine to values above 2.5 mg/dl or a decrease of creatinine clearance to values below 20 ml/min, HRS type II shows moderately increased serum creatinine above 1.5 mg/dl remaining stable over a longer period. The most prominent circulatory alterations in patients with chronic liver disease comprise portal hypertension and peripheral (mainly splanchnic) arterial vasodilation. This leads to a decreased centrally effective blood volume in cirrhotic patients. As a consequence, activation of sodium- and volume-retaining neurohumoral systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic nervous system and a non-osmotic release of arginine-vasopressin can be observed. These neurohumoral alterations induce renal sodium and water retention which are responsible for accumulation of ascites and deterioration of renal function. Recent therapeutic strategies of the hepatorenal syndrome take into account these pathophysiologic considerations: whereas the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt lowers portal hypertension, infusion of vasoactive drugs increases systemic vascular resistance in cirrhotic patients. Several uncontrolled trials have reported a positive effect of these strategies on renal function. The present analysis of combined data from these reports shows that this positive effect on renal function also may improve survival of patients with HRS type I.
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PMID:TIPS or vasoconstrictors for the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome type 1--effect on survival? 1221 53

We previously reported that dietary resistant starch (RS) type 2 prevented proteinuria and promoted vitamin D balance in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Here, our primary objective was to identify potential mechanisms that could explain our earlier observations. We hypothesized that RS could promote adiponectin secretion and regulate the renin-angiotensin system activity in the kidney. Lean Zucker rats (n = 5) were fed control diet; Zucker diabetic fatty rats (n = 5/group) were fed either an AIN-93G control diet (DC) or AIN-93G diet containing either 10% RS or 20% RS (HRS) for 6 weeks. Resistant starch had no impact on blood glucose concentrations and hemoglobin A1c percentage, yet circulating adiponectin was 77% higher in HRS-fed rats, compared to DC rats. Adiponectin concentrations strongly correlated with serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (r = 0.815; P < .001) and urinary creatinine concentrations (r = 0.818; P < .001) and inversely correlated with proteinuria (r = -0.583; P = .02). Serum angiotensin II concentrations were 44% lower, and expression of the angiotensin II receptor, type 1, was attenuated in RS-fed rats. Moreover, we observed a 14-fold increase in messenger RNA expression of nephrin, which is required for functioning of the renal filtration barrier, in HRS rats. The HRS, but not 10% RS diet, increased circulating 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and attenuated urinary loss of vitamin D metabolites in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Taken together, we provide evidence that vitamin D balance in the presence of hyperglycemia is strongly associated with serum adiponectin levels and reduced renal renin-angiotensin system signaling.
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PMID:Circulating adiponectin concentrations are increased by dietary resistant starch and correlate with serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and kidney function in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. 2700 Dec 76