Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Literature on the biochemical effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) is reviewed. The effects of OCs on concentrations of mineral elements ( calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc), vitamins (ascor bic acid, folic acid, and Vitamins-B6, B12, and E), hormones, (gonadotro pins, progesterone, estrogens, androgens, corticosteroids, aldosterone, renin-angiotensin, insulin, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, catecholamines, and prolactin), amino acids and proteins (free amino acids, tryptophan, metalloproteins, hormone-binding proteins, miscellaneous serum proteins, and blood coagulation factors), carbohydra tes (glucose tolerance tests, glucose metablism and other carbohydrates) , lipids (total serum lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol), and enzymes (aminotransfereases, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamyltransferase) are reviewed. Changes induced by combined, sequential, and low-dose OCs in 116 biochemical parameters are summarized in a table.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of oral contraceptives. 18 Jul 84

Direct curve-fitting methods using a digital computer have been employed to analyze the calibration curves of commercial kits for the assay of digoxin, digitoxin, insulin, B12, and renin activity (angiotensin). Inconsistencies have been revealed that suggest some improvements in the commercial kits are desirable. It is not suggested that the use of these kits would yield data of uncertain clinical value, but it is suggested that improvements in consistency would enhance the clinical utility.
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PMID:Precision of radioimmunoassay with emphasis on curve-fitting procedures. 112 69

A 10-month-old male infant with vitamin B12 non-responsive methylmalonic acidaemia is reported. Laboratory results revealed hyperkalaemic, hyperchloraemic, metabolic acidosis with slight azotaemia. The urinary pH decreased (below 5.5) to compensate for acidaemia. Levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were low. The renal biopsy showed tubulo-interstitial nephritis. We suggested the diagnosis of type 4 renal tubular acidosis, subtype 2, i.e. hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism. We suggest that chronic renal disease may be a common complication of methylmalonic acidaemia.
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PMID:Type 4 renal tubular acidosis (subtype 2) in a patient with methylmalonic acidaemia. 227 6

Atherosclerosis, aorto-arteritis and fibromuscular dysplasia are the most common causes of vasorenal hypertension. Determination of plasma renin activity is a valuable diagnostic test at early stages of vasorenal hypertension. HLA studies demonstrated significantly elevated antigens B8 and B12 in patients with essential hypertension, and antigen A9 in patients with affected renal arteries. These findings may expand the possibilities of differential diagnosis for the selection of patients, eligible for angiographic investigation. A less than three-years duration of the disease in the presence of high plasma renin activity is a favorable prognostic criterion.
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PMID:[Ways of improving the diagnosis and prognosis in vasorenal hypertension]. 307 42

Colectomy is performed for inflammatory bowel disease, familial polyposis syndrome and colorectal carcinoma. Surgical procedures are ileostomy with or without pouch, ileorectal anastomosis or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. One of the major functions of the intact large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes. After colectomy, as much as 400-1000 ml of nearly isotonic ileostomy fluid may be excreted, resulting in a chronic salt and water depletion. This is compensated for by an activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Reduced urine volumes may cause kidney stones. Both dehydration and renal sodium retention are probably less frequent in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Absorption of nutrients in general is not impaired by colectomy. The large intestine salvages energy from malabsorbed organic matter through absorption of the short-chain fatty acids produced in bacterial fermentation. In ileostomy patients, fermentation is negligible, which leads to a significant loss of energy in the ileostomy fluid. Pouches are colonized by a bacterial flora similar to colonic bacteria. In these patients conservation of energy from malabsorbed substrate may be similar to healthy subjects. Resection of ileum and bacterial colonization may lead to malabsorption of vitamin B12 and bile acids. The latter may cause increased incidence of biliary cholesterol stones. Pouchitis is a frequent problem which may be caused by a deficiency of short-chain fatty acids and glutamine in the pouch contents. It is concluded that although the colon is not essential as a digestive organ in man, colectomy results in a number of metabolic changes. The ileal pouch-anal anastomosis may in part substitute for the functions of the large intestine.
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PMID:Metabolic consequences of total colectomy. 914 41

Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are noninvasive markers of early arterial wall alteration and are more widely used in adult clinical research. We investigated whether IMT and PWV are useful predictors of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive adolescents. Fifteen hypertensive adolescents (13-18 yr old, systolic BP > or = 140 mmHg, diastolic BP > or = 90 mmHg) and seventeen normotensive subjects were included. Height, weight, obesity index, body mass index (BMI), and fat distribution were obtained from each group. Serum lipid, insulin, vitamine B12, folate, renin, aldosterone, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and homocysteine levels were compared. The carotid IMT and PWV were measured. Arterial wall compliance and distensibility were calculated with the equation. High systolic blood pressure significantly correlated with height, weight, BMI, obesity index, arm circumference, fat mass, and fat distribution. Hypertensive adolescents had significantly greater cIMT (carotid intima-media thickness) and lower elastic properties such as cross-sectional compliance and distensibility of the carotid artery. The carotid IMT significantly correlated with brachial-ankle PWV. In conclusion, the measurement of carotid IMT and brachial-ankle PWV might be useful to predict the development of atherosclerosis in hypertensive adolescents.
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PMID:Intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity in hypertensive adolescents. 1830 96

Captopril and enalapril are the most commonly used angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in several cardiac diseases in children. On the other hand, the intrinsic renin-angiotensin system in the bone marrow might affect the growth of hematopoietic colonies and cellular production, proliferation and differentiation in physiological and pathological states. Starting with the hypothesis that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system may have some effects on the hematopoietic system, including morphological changes within the granulocytes, we thus aimed to investigate prospectively whether the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has any effect on the morphology, and especially segmentation, of neutrophils in peripheral blood. A total of 40 children with various heart diseases receiving either of two angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril or enalapril) aged between 2 to 16 years were enrolled, and 40 healthy age- and sex-matched children were enrolled as controls. Complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, liver and renal function tests, and measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase, ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate levels were performed in all cases. Peripheral blood smears were viewed by two pediatric hematologists in a blinded manner. Neutrophil hypersegmentation was described as presence of five or more neutrophils with five well-separated lobes or at least one neutrophil with six or more lobes among 100 segmented neutrophils. The number of patients with neutrophil hypersegmentation in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group, and the mean lobe count in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group. Neutrophil hypersegmentation, as detected in patients using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the present study, has not been reported previously. Further studies aiming to explain the pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlying neutrophil hypersegmentation in patients receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are needed.
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PMID:Neutrophil hypersegmentation in children receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 1910 47

The essential role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in controlling blood pressure has been well established. Genes encoding components of the RAS have been proposed as candidate genes that determine genetic predisposition to hypertension and the risk of developing cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms in Korean hypertensive adolescents, and to determine the association between ACE genotype and cardiovascular risk. Forty hypertensive adolescents (16-17 years old, systolic blood pressure (BP) > or =140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP > or =90 mm Hg) and a control group of twenty normotensive adolescents were included in the study. Obesity index (OI) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Skin fold thickness and arm circumference were also measured. Fat mass and fat distribution were analyzed by bioelectrical impedance. Blood pressure was measured at resting state by oscillometric methods. Serum aldosterone, renin, insulin, ACE, homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels were evaluated after a fasting period of 12 h. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid artery diameter were measured by carotid ultrasound. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also measured. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to amplify DNA from blood samples of each individuals to analyze ACE I/D polymorphism. Genotype frequencies of I/I were 37.5%, I/D 45.0% and D/D 17.5%. Serum ACE levels were 33.5 +/- 8.7 U/l in I/I genotype, 48.6 +/- 19.8 U/l in I/D genotype and 61.4 +/- 22.7 U/l in D/D genotype, which showed that ACE levels were significantly higher in those with D/D or I/D genotype than in I/I genotype. Carotid IMT was significantly greater in D/D group than in I/I group. In conclusion, the D allele is associated with the increased level of ACE in Korean hypertensive adolescents.
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PMID:Insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene in Korean hypertensive adolescents. 1946 20

The clinical syndrome congestive heart failure (CHF) has its origins rooted in a salt-avid state mediated largely by effector hormones of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In recent years, this cardiorenal perspective of CHF has taken on a broader perspective. One which focuses on a progressive systemic illness, whose major features include the presence of oxidative stress in diverse tissues and elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines coupled with a wasting of soft tissues and bone. Experimental studies, which simulate chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, and translational studies in patients with salt avidity having decompensated biventricular failure with hepatic and splanchnic congestion have forged a broader understanding of this illness and the important contribution of a dyshomeostasis of Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Se2+, and vitamins D, B12, and B1. Herein, we review biomarkers indicative of the nutrient imbalance found in CHF and raise the question of a need for a polynutrient supplement in the overall management of CHF.
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PMID:Nutrient dyshomeostasis in congestive heart failure. 1959

Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality. The present paper reviews the main vitamins related to arterial stiffness and enabling destiffening, their mechanisms of action, providing a brief description of the latest studies in the area, and their implications for primary cardiovascular prevention, clinical practice, and therapy. Despite inconsistent evidence for destiffening induced by vitamin supplementation in several randomized clinical trials, positive results were obtained in specific populations. The main mechanisms are related to antiatherogenic effects, improvement of endothelial function (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and metabolic profile (vitamins A, B12, C, D, and K), inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (vitamin D), anti-inflammatory (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and antioxidant effects (vitamins A, C, and E), decrease of homocysteine level (vitamin B12), and reversing calcification of arteries (vitamin K). Vitamins A, B12, C, D, E, and K status is important in evaluating cardiovascular risk, and vitamin supplementation may be an effective, individualized, and inexpensive destiffening therapy.
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PMID:Crosstalk between Vitamins A, B12, D, K, C, and E Status and Arterial Stiffness. 2816 49


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