Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 62-yr-old diabetic woman exhibited low plasma and urinary aldosterone levels in the face of markedly elevated PRA during the course of nonketoacidotic hyperglycemic precoma with dehydration, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia, for which she was hospitalized. Studies performed after her recovery from precoma revealed hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism with normal adrenoglucocorticoid function. While the patient was supine, PRA on a 256-meq sodium intake was at or above the upper limit of the normal range for a 200-meq sodium intake; furthermore, after sodium depletion with furosemide and 4 h of ambulation, PRA markedly increased. No increases in plasma inactive renin were found. Plasma renin substrate concentration was normal. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of aldosterone were low and increased slightly during sodium restriction with insulin treatment, accompanied by hyperkalemia and sodium loss, despite markedly elevated PRA. Repository ACTH administration induced sodium retention and potassium loss with a normal increase in urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Plasma levels of deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and 18-hydroxycorticosterone were normal, while plasma aldosterone was low. Levels of these mineralocorticoids remained unchanged during angiotensin II infusion on both 256-meq and 100-meq sodium intakes. Rapid ACTH administration produced normal increases in plasma deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone but caused a subnormal increase in plasma aldosterone. These results suggest adrenal insensitivity to angiotensin II, possibly a defect in adrenal angiotensin II receptors, as the cause of hypoldosteronism with hyperreninemia in this patient.
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PMID:Selective hypoaldosteronism with hyperreninemia in a diabetic patient. 48 14

Leading physical sign of "trauma-disease" in polytraumatized patients is hypovolemic shock. Changes in metabolism have been described previously. At present there are no reports concerning the time at which these changes occur. The early posttraumatic phase is characterized by normosodiemia and initial transient hypopotassemia, which is based on the renin-angiotensin-mechanism. The metabolic acidosis depending on trauma causes decreased oxygen perfusion of tissue, which possibly is found even before alterations of circulation are detected. Already at the site of the accident hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia with normal values of insulin were found. The increase of blood glucose was correlated to the values of adrenalin and to the insulin antagonist glucagon. The catabolism of proteins closely related to the degree of trauma continued as long as 5 days after injury. Analysis of the blood clotting system showed that in the early phase after trauma there are changes in hemostatic potential consisting in hemostatic defect. In several essential points the early posttraumatic phase of metabolism is different from that in a later phase. These facts should be kept in mind if planning therapy.
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PMID:[Metabolic changes in the multiply injured. Biochemical studies in multiply injured patients with reference to the severity of the injury]. 49 70

The pathogenesis of the increased operative risk in elderly patients is unknown. From a theoretical point of view, a change in endocrine-metabolic response might be involved. In the present study, a battery of hormonal and metabolic variables were measured in eight young and eight elderly healthy males undergoing elective inguinal hernial repair under general anesthesia. Blood was drawn before induction of anesthesia, at skin incision, and one, two, and six hours after skin incision. The findings were: 1) Plasma cortisol increase was significantly higher in elderly than in young controls. 2) Plasma renin level was lower in old age, but renin-aldosterone and electrolyte response patterns were alike in the two groups. 3) Thyroid parameters, in terms of serum T4, serum T3, serum rT3, and T3-resin uptake, responded normally to surgery and showed no age-related differences. 4) The hyperglycemic response was not significantly influenced by age indicating unchanged glycoregulatory mechanisms also verified by determinations of plasma catecholamines, cAMP, and insulin. 5) Blood lymphocyte count was constantly lower in elderly than in young and decreased with time, but the age-related difference was not significant. 6) Blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes showed an increase of the same magnitude in both age groups, although at a significantly slower rate in the elderly. It is concluded that age affects some aspects of the initial endocrine-metabolic response to surgery.
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PMID:Influence of age on the endocrine-metabolic response to surgery. 51 78

320 patients with essential hypertension divided into three groups (minor, medium and major severty) were studied against 50 normal controls. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was estimated in case of normal and low Na intake, furthermore, of low Na intake in association with administration of chlorothiazide, in the recumbent position as well as at the end of 4-hr walk. The hypertensive group of medium severity (Group II) revealed a significant decrease in PRA, compared with the controls and with the hypertensive group of minor severity (Group I), in each period of observation. A significant increase of PRA in response to insulin hypoglycaemia was demonstrable in all three groups and in the controls, but the increase was of significantly lesser degree in Group II than either in the controls or in Group I. The plasma catecholamine concentrations were found lower in Group II than in the controls and in Group I. An elevation of the plasma catecholamine levels was demonstrable in response to insulin hypeglycaemia, but it was of lesser degree in Group II than a Group I and in the controls. The poor responsiveness of the RAS in Group II is attributed to an inadequate adrenergic activity and to an increased mean arterial pressure in that group, but the higher age of patients and longer duration of hypertensive disease, both characteristic of the group of medium severity, may also effect the renin-angiotensin system.
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PMID:Study of the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension. 52 28

The changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PA) in response to dietary sodium restriction and upright posture were evaluated in 7 patients with juvenile-type, insulin-dependent, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus and in 5 healthy volunteers. All patients had normal blood pressure, 24-hour urine protein excretion and endogenous creatinine clearance. Renal sodium conservation and concentrating ability were grossly normal and 5 patients so tested, had normal renal acidification. PRA and PA were normal in every subject suggesting that abnormalities of the renin-aldosterone axis are late complications of diabetes mellitus usually associated with hypertension and nephropathy or neuropathy.
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PMID:Renin-aldosterone responsiveness in uncomplicated juvenile-type diabetes mellitus. 64 May 77

Hyperglycemic, antihypertensive and antidiuretic activities of Go.8288 and diazoxide were evaluated in the rat. Go.8288 and diazoxide induced hyperglycemia which was blocked by adrenalectomy and demedullation. Pretreatmnet with hydrocortisone completely restored the hyperglycemic effect of diazoxide but only partially that of Go.8288. The hyperglycemic effect of Go.8288 and diazoxide was antagonized by glibenclamide, whereas tolbutamide antagonized only diazoxide-induced hyperglycemia. Pretreatment with oxprenolol antagonized diazoxide-induced hyperglycemia but not that of Go.8288. Guanethidine antagonized the hyperglycemic effect of Go.8288 but not that of diazoxide. Go.8288 and diazoxide markedly inhibited insulin secretion in vivo. Unlike Go.8288, diazoxide further accentuated the hyperglycemic effect in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. Diazoxide significantly increased plasma FFA and plasma renin activity but Go.8288 had no effect. In the normotensive cats and dogs and renal hypertensive rats both compounds lowered arterial blood pressure. Unlike diazoxide, Go.8288 was active orally in normotensive dogs. Similar to diazoxide Go.8288 showed an antidiuretic effect in the rat. It is therefore concluded that despite some similarities, Go.8288 shows important differences in its biological profile from that of diazoxide.
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PMID:Hyperglycemic, antihypertensive and antidiuretic properties of Go. 8288 and its comparison with diazoxide. 68 10

Hypertension and hyperpotassemia that were accompanied by normal plasma aldosterone and low renin levels and were responsive to chlorothiazide administration were found in a 29-year-old patient and two decades later in his 21-year-old son. Their renal function is normal, including response to sodium sulfate, mannitol, and aldosterone infusions. Adrenal insufficiency was excluded. The renin-aldosterone system was proved intact by physiological and pharmacologic stress and angiotensin-II infusion. Also normal were values for blood counts, blood volumes, and erythrocyte and exchangeable body potassium. The postulation of a defective cell membrane impeding potassium influx is supported by the failure of glucose and insulin infusions to substantially reduce hyperpotassemia. In the context of a hereditary disorder (the pedigree, compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance, includes five affected in two generations), hypertension is a second phenotypic character of a single defective pleiotropic gene although its pathogenesis remains unclear.
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PMID:Familial hyperpotassemia and hypertension accompanied by normal plasma aldosterone levels: possible hereditary cell membrane defect. 71 48

Further investigation of a family with normaldosteronemic hyperpotassemia and low-renin hypertension showed seven members from three generations, who ranged in age from 4 to 56 years, to be affected. Results of earlier studies had established a normally functioning renin-aldosterone system and normal renal handling of potassium. Constant, albeit mild and asymptomatic, metabolic acidosis in all those affected prompted bicarbonate loading in both the propositus and his brother, which revealed a maximal renal tubular excretory capacity for bicarbonate reabsorption at serum levels of 18 mmole/liter and proved proximal renal tubular acidosis (PRTA). Further, a linear increase in urinary fractional potassium excretion accompanied that of bicarbonate in both, as in normal individuals. Dextrose-insulin infusion in the brother failed to reduce hyperpotassemia. These data support the hypothesis that a generalized cell membrane defect that specifically impedes potassium influx (as opposed to an isolated renal tubular defect) underlies this autosomal dominant disorder.
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PMID:Proximal renal tubular acidosis: association with familial normaldosteronemic hyperpotassemia and hypertension. 71 49

The activity of the pituitary hormones (ACTH, STH, TTH, FSH, LH), the adrenal hormones (cortisol, aldosterone), the kidney hormone (renin), and the thyroid hormones (thyroxine tri-iodthyronine), the thyroxine binding capacity of blood proteins and the activity of the hormones of the pancreas (insulin) and the sex glands (testosterone, estradiol) were studied in 26 males suffering from ischemic heart disease verified by means of selective coronarography and in 20 healthy males with no atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries of the heart. Patients with ischemic heart disease were found to be marked by increased activity in the blood of ACTH, TTH, cortisol, aldosterone, insulin, and estradiol and reduced concentration of STH, thyroxine, and testosterone. These shifts in the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system and in its subordinate hormonal systems play an important role in the origin of the atherosclerotic process and assosiated ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:[Hormones in ischemic heart disease with the presence of coronary atherosclerosis]. 73 79

In order to detect metabolic aberrations which could account for the poor therapeutic response of the diabetic to dialysis, a comparative study of nondiabetic and diabetic uremia patients treated with hemodialysis was undertaken. Plasma renin activity and levels of growth hormone, glucose and insulin were investigated.
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PMID:Renin, growth hormone and insulin in hemodialyzed uremic diabetics. 74 11


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