Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double blind crossover study of transdermal oestradiol (50 micrograms/day) and ethinyl oestradiol (20 micrograms/day) was conducted with 25 postmenopausal women. Transdermal oestradiol increased circulating levels of oestradiol and oestrone. Both preparations favourably improved patients' symptoms and vaginal cytology, lowered gonadotrophin levels and urinary calcium loss and gave a satisfactory menstrual pattern. Transdermal oestradiol had no effect on measures of hepatic function whereas oral ethinyl oestradiol significantly altered levels of sex hormone binding globulin, plasma renin substrate and lipoproteins. Transdermal oestradiol has a comparable beneficial effect on postmenopausal symptoms to ethinyl oestradiol without the adverse effects on hepatic proteins.
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PMID:Transdermal oestrogen for postmenopausal women: a double blind crossover comparative study with ethinyl oestradiol. 256 5

Plasma renin substrate concentration, renin activity, serum sex hormone binding globulin and total protein concentration were measured sequentially in 10 women after elective caesarean section. Plasma renin substrate concentration decreased from 5406 +/- 000 micrograms AI/l (mean +/- SD) at term to 2369 +/- 726 micrograms AI/l 6 days post partum. Plasma renin activity decreased from 6.2 +/- 3.3 micrograms AI/l/h at term to 4.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms AI/l/h 6 days after delivery. Serum sex hormone binding globulin decreased more slowly than plasma renin substrate concentration. Clearance of plasma renin substrate based on plasma renin activity was calculated. This consumption by renin could explain only 12% of the decrement in plasma renin substrate concentration at the steepest part of the plasma renin substrate disappearance curve. It is concluded that metabolic clearance of plasma renin substrate may be much greater than that calculated from plasma renin activity.
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PMID:Reduction of plasma renin substrate after parturition; role of renin. 681 50

We reported the results of a randomized cross-over study comparing SH D 461 M (Climen) and Prempak-C in 38 postmenopausal women who were established users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Climen contains 11 tablets of 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV), and 10 tablets with 2 mg EV plus 1 mg of cyproterone acetate. Prempak-C, on the other hand, is a regime consisting of 28 tablets of 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens (CEE); the last 12 tablets are taken together with 0.15 mg of norgestrel (NG) tablets. Patients in Sequence I started with Climen for 6 months and then crossed-over to Prempak-C, for the next 6 months; patients in Sequence II, followed the reverse order. Following Climen treatment, significantly higher levels (P < 0.05, t-test) of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol, when compared to Prempak-C treated subjects, were noted. No significant differences in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-I and aldosterone levels between the two treatment regimes were noted. While both regimes were effective in reducing menopausal symptoms, none of the regimes could eliminate all symptoms completely. Treatment with Climen appeared to result in less frequent occurrences of some symptoms. During periods of no estrogen (only true for Climen) as well as periods of maximum progestagen and estrogen (P and E), subjects on Climen had significantly lower incidence of some of the symptoms (backache, lack of concentration, lethargy and swelling) when compared to those on Prempak-C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Endocrine effects in Asian postmenopausal women treated with SH D 461 M and Prempak-C. 771 69

We reported the results of a randomized cross-over study comparing SH D 461 M (Climen) and Prempak-C in 38 postmenopausal women who were established users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Climen contains 11 tablets of 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV), and 10 tablets with 2 mg EV plus 1 mg of cyproterone acetate. Prempak-C, on the other hand, is a regimen consisting of 28 tablets of 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens (CEE); the last 12 tablets are taken together with 0.15 mg of norgestrel (NG) tablets. Patients in Sequence I started with Climen for 6 months and then crossed-over to Prempak-C, for the next 6 months. Patients in Sequence II followed the reverse order. Following Climen treatment, significantly higher levels (P < 0.05, t-test) of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol, when compared to Prempak-C treated subjects, were noted. No significant differences in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), renin angiotensinogen, angiotensin-I and aldosterone levels between the two treatment regimens were noted. While both regimens were effective in reducing menopausal symptoms, none of the regimens could eliminate all symptoms completely. Treatment with Climen appeared to result in less frequent occurrences of some symptoms. During periods of no estrogen (only true for Climen) as well as periods of maximum P and E, subjects on Climen had significantly lower incidence of some of the symptoms (backache, lack of concentration, lethargy and swelling) when compared to those on Prempak-C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Endocrine effects in Asian postmenopausal women, treated with SH D 461 M and Prempak-C. 773 78

Endogenous 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and low parenteral doses of exogenous E2 are vasodilators. High dose estrogens, especially ethinylestradiol (EE) and mestranol, stimulate the synthesis of hepatic proteins including coagulation factors, sex hormone binding globulin, and angiotensinogen (Aogen). In the steady state, high plasma levels of Aogen produce only a very small increase of angiotensin II (AII) and plasma renin activity, because AII inhibits the secretion of renin and lowers plasma renin concentration. However, the increase in AII is sufficient for a slight reduction in renal blood flow and a slight increase in exchangeable sodium and blood pressure; in susceptible women, blood pressure may rise considerably. Effects of estrogens on the brain may also be involved in blood pressure changes. Endogenous progesterone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Endogenous or exogenous progesterone leads to sodium loss and a compensatory increase in renin secretion, plasma renin activity, AII, and plasma aldosterone, e.g. in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Synthetic progestogens are commonly devoid of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonistic effect of progesterone, and some are weak estrogen receptor agonists. Combined use of EE and synthetic progestogens may therefore enhance estrogen effects on body sodium and blood pressure. A new progestogen (Drospirenone) with an antimineralocorticoid effect like that of progesterone is described that slightly lowers body weight and blood pressure in a contraceptive formulation together with EE. An almost ideal oral contraceptive would be progestogen like Drospirenone together with a low dose natural estrogen that does not stimulate Aogen synthesis. Since most oral formulations for postmenopausal estrogen replacement also stimulate hepatic protein synthesis (including Aogen) to some extent, the transdermal route of E2 application for contraceptive purposes should also be investigated, since it has reduced potential for undesirable side effects.
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PMID:Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure. 873 94