Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heart rate variability (HRV) has become a useful parameter for the quantification of autonomic nervous function. HRV has been quantified, either by time domain or frequency domain analysis. Time domain measures, such as CVRR and RR50, are easy to calculate but they only provide information related to parasympathetic activity. The spectral analyses, on the other hand, give us information concerning 3 oscillatory components. The high frequency band (the frequency between 0.15-0.5 Hz) is known as the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and the middle frequency band (0.88-0.15 Hz) is attributed to baroreflex components. The low frequency band (0.01-0.08 Hz) may be of various origins, such as blood flow rhythm, periodic respiration (including Cheyne-Stokes respiration), renin-angiotensin, and thermal regulation. The efferent nerve to the high frequency band is totally operated by the parasympathetic system. The low frequency band is regulated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. We demonstrated that the diurnal variation of HRV may afford additional information, such as ultradian changes of autonomic activity, possibly due to REM/NREM cycles. It is believed that simultaneous monitoring of other physiological parameters such as EEG, EOG, respiration, and blood pressures, might give us information concerning the dynamic nature of autonomic nervous function.
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PMID:[Heart rate variability]. 161 51

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is generally recommended for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. CPAP lowers the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea. At least 50% of patients presenting with chronic heart failure (HF) have sleep apnoea; a subset of these patients may have obstructive sleep apnoea and may derive a survival benefit from CPAP. However, this population is also prone to developing central sleep apnoea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration or both (CSA/CSR), for which CPAP lowers the apnoea-hypopnoea index only partially and for which the overall effect of CPAP on survival remains to be determined, particularly as it has been observed to increase the mortality rate in subsets of patients. Other treatments may prove effective in patients with chronic HF and CSA/CSR, although none, thus far, has been found to confer a survival benefit. New ventilatory modes include bi-level positive airway pressure and automated adaptive servoventilation, the latter being most effective against CSA/CSR. Measures that can alleviate CSA/CSR indirectly include beta-adrenergic blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, nocturnal supplemental oxygen and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The effects of theophylline, acetazolamide and nocturnal CO(2) have also been studied. The second part of this review describes the applications and effects of therapies that are available for sleep apnoea in patients with chronic HF.
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PMID:Sleep apnoea in patients with heart failure: part II: therapy. 1991 72

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) classically mediates aldosterone effects on salt homeostasis and blood pressure regulation in epithelial target tissues. In recent years, functional MRs have been identified in non classical targets of aldosterone actions, in particular in adipose tissue, where they mediate the effects of aldosterone and glucocorticoids in the control of adipogenesis, adipose expansion and its pro-inflammatory capacity. In this context, inappropriate MR activation has been demonstrated to be a causal factor in several pathologic conditions such as vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest developments in this rapidly developing field, and will focus on the role of MR and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as potential leading characters in the early steps of adipocyte dysfunction and obesity. Indeed modulation of MR activity in adipose tissue has promise as a novel therapeutic approach to treat obesity and its related metabolic complications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
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PMID:Role of mineralocorticoid receptor and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in adipocyte dysfunction and obesity. 2345 17