Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The furosemide-induced increase in protein excretion, and its relations to 1) the size of protein molecules as reflected by three enzymes, and 2) glomerular filtration rate (GFR), plasma renin activity (PRA) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2 alpha excretions were studied in 14 outpatients with normal renal function and 13 healthy males. Furosemide (120 mg) was given intravenously, and thereafter the protein excretion and the above parameters were monitored for 1--2 hours. In both groups, furosemide caused a transient increase in protein excretion. The excretion of the largest molecule, beta-glucuronidase, rose to 6.3-fold, while those of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and of the smallest molecule, alpha-amylase, increased by 91 and 37%, respectively. GFR increased, too, but markedly less than the protein excretion. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretions increased more than GFR and changed simultaneously with the excretion of proteins. Furosemide also caused a marked increase in PRA. This lasted, however, much longer than the rise in PG and protein excretion or GFR. The results suggest that the furosemide-induced increase in protein excretion is 1) related to the molecular size of proteins, 2) partly due to the rise in GFR, 3) simultaneous with the change in PG excretion. Our findings also agree with the view that furosemide causes changes in glomerular permeability.
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PMID:Increased urinary protein excretion after intravenous injection of furosemide in man. 700 92

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by pancreatic tissue edema, acinar cell necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammation of the damaged gland. It is believed that acinar cell injury is initiated by the activation of digestive zymogens inside the acinar cells, leading finally to the autodigestion of the pancreas. Previous study in our laboratory demonstrated that cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis was associated with an up-regulation of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in rat pancreas. Therefore, the utilization of RAS inhibitors may provide a novel and alternative treatment for acute pancreatitis. By means of a rat model of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, results from the present study showed that an intravenous injection of saralasin, an antagonist for angiotensin II receptors, at a dose of 40 microg/kg 30 min before the induction of acute pancreatitis significantly attenuated pancreatic edema. Results from the biochemical measurements showed that pretreatment with saralasin at a dose of 20 microg/kg markedly reduced pancreatic injury, as evidenced by the decreased activities of alpha-amylase and lipase in plasma. However, the same recipe of ramiprilat, a specific inhibitor for angiotensin-converting enzyme, at a dose of 20 microg/kg did not provide any protective effect against acute pancreatitis. On the contrary, pretreatment with ramiprilat at a dose 40 microg/kg enhanced cerulein-induced pancreatic injury. Results from histopathological analysis of these RAS inhibitors further confirmed with those results as obtained from biochemical analysis. These data indicate that administration of saralasin but not ramiprilat could be protective against acute pancreatitis and that activation of pancreatic RAS in acute pancreatitis may play a role in pancreatic tissue injury.
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PMID:Differential effects of saralasin and ramiprilat, the inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system, on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. 1260 48

The pancreas contains a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which is subject to activation by experimental pancreatitis. In the exocrine pancreas, angiotensin II receptor subtypes AT1 and AT2 have been localized in the pancreatic ducts, blood vessels and acinar cells. We hypothesize that local RAS activities may have a potential role in regulating pancreatic acinar digestive enzyme secretion. The present study was designed to elucidate firstly the existence of RAS components in pancreatic acinar cells and their regulation by acute pancreatitis. Secondly, the differential roles of AT1 and AT2 receptors in controlling digestive enzyme secretion from dispersed functional pancreatic acini were also investigated. The mRNA levels of RAS components were assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Acinar secretions were assayed by the measurement of alpha-amylase and lipase activities. Induction of acute pancreatitis was achieved by hyperstimulation of two intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of cerulein (50 microg/kg/h). Results from RT-PCR showed that the mRNA levels of the major RAS components (angiotensinogen, AT1 and AT2 receptors) were expressed in isolated rat pancreatic acinar cells, and they were upregulated during pancreatitis. Exogenous addition of angiotensin II could stimulate a dose-dependent release of digestive enzymes from the acinar cells. Administration of the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan significantly inhibited the acinar digestion enzyme secretion in both normal and pancreatitis-induced acini. However, a specific AT2 receptor blocker PD123319 did not exhibit such a suppressive effect. These data indicate the existence of an acinar RAS in the pancreas of potential importance in the physiological regulation of digestive enzyme secretion. The differential actions of AT1 and AT2 receptors and their upregulation may have clinical relevance to the pathogenesis and management of acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:The role of the pancreatic renin-angiotensin system in acinar digestive enzyme secretion and in acute pancreatitis. 1512 Apr 83

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by tissue edema, necrosis and hemorrhage. The mortality rate associated with this disease is particularly high when the inflammation has become systemic. Recently, activation of the pancreatic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was shown to play a role in AP. The present study investigated whether administering an AT1 receptor antagonist decreases the severity of AP and pancreatitis-induced systemic inflammation, particularly pulmonary injury. Rats with AP-associated lung injury were induced by multiple doses of caerulein, which was demonstrated in the previous studies. Three injections of losartan (200 microg/ kg/h) were given 30 min prior to the first injection of caerulein. The results demonstrated that caerulein injections resulted in significant increases in pancreatic and pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, and losartan treatment attenuates these effects. Lung microvascular permeability was also significantly improved by losartan treatment. Losartan prevented caerulein-induced pancreatic and pulmonary morphological alterations, but not elevations in serum alpha-amylase or pancreas/body weight ratio. These data indicate that losartan treatment can attenuate pancreatic and lung injury. Thus, the implication is that a blockade of AT1 receptors may have a clinical application for the treatment of AP and, perhaps more importantly, subsequent pulmonary complications.
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PMID:AT1 receptor antagonism ameliorates acute pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury. 1644 93

BACKGROUND Stress can cause psychological and physiological changes. Many studies revealed that massage can decrease stress. However, traditional Thai massage has not been well researched in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of traditional Thai massage (TTM) on salivary alpha-amylase levels (sAA), heart rate variability (HRV), autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, and plasma renin activity (PRA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-nine healthy participants were randomly allocated into either a traditional Thai massage (TTM) group or Control (C) group, after which they were switched to the other group with a 2-week wash-out period. Each of them was given a 10-minute mental arithmetic test to induce psychological stress before a 1-hour session of TTM or rest. RESULTS Within-groups comparison revealed that sAA was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the TTM group but not in the C group. HRV and ANS function were significantly increased (p<0.05) and PRA was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in both groups. However, low frequency per high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) and ANS balance status were not changed. Only sAA was found to be significantly different between groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that both TTM and rest can reduce psychological stress, as indicated by decreased sAA levels, increased parasympathetic activity, decreased sympathetic activity, and decreased PRA. However, TTM may have a modest effect on stress reduction as indicated by a reduced sAA.
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PMID:Immediate Effects of Traditional Thai Massage on Psychological Stress as Indicated by Salivary Alpha-Amylase Levels in Healthy Persons. 2643 33