Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Here we describe the first report of three human embryonic stem cell (hESC) clones, hES 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3, derived from the parent line hES3 by sorting of single-cell preparations by flow cytometry. The viability of single-cell preparations before and after cell sorting remained >98%. The hESC were selected by size gating and forward-angle light scatter and were dispersed directly as single cell/ well into 96-well plates containing human fetal fibroblasts as feeder layers. Single stem cell dispersion into 96-well plates was confirmed by using cells from a hES3 line that constitutively expressed green fluorescence protein (eGFP) under similar conditions of flow cytometry. Three clones were obtained from the parent line hES3 -- hES3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 -- and they have been in continuous culture for more than 1 year. The cloning efficiency was less than <0.5%. These hESC clones show normal stem cell characteristics, such as undifferentiated growth, high nucleocytoplasmic ratio, the same karyotype as that of the parent line (46 XX), stem cell surface markers (i.e., SSEA3, SSEA4, OCT4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81), and gene expression for pluripotency (Oct-4 and nanog). They all formed embryoid bodies in suspension cultures, and after seeding in culture plates they showed pluripotency in vitro by forming cell lineages derived from all three germ layers as indicated by expression of the ectodermal marker nestin, the mesodermal marker renin, and the endodermal markers alpha-fetoprotein and GATA6. All clones showed normal expression of alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of in vitro pluripotency. When hESC clones (1-2 x 10(6) total) were injected into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice under the kidney capsule, all formed teratomas within 6-8 weeks. Analysis of the stem cell surface marker TRA-1-160 by flow cytometry showed nonsignificant (p < 0.05) differences between the clones and the parent line. The clones also differed in their expression of genes, with only one, hES 3.2, expressing the endodermal markers, i.e., alpha-fetoprotein and GATA6. The ability to produce clones from a parent hESC line rapidly by FACS sorting will help provide a homogeneous population of cells for achieving uniformed lineage specifications for future transplantation therapies and biomedical research.
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PMID:Derivation of three clones from human embryonic stem cell lines by FACS sorting and their characterization. 1652 63

The small GTPase RhoA is activated by the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R), which is part of the local renin-angiotensin system that is involved in podocyte injury preceding glomerular crescent formation. We demonstrated previously that inhibition of AT1R protects against crescentic glomerular injury in Fc receptor-deficient mice (gamma -/-) with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN). Here, we hypothesized that the RhoA kinase inhibitor, fasudil, attenuates AT1R-dependent crescentic GN. We examined anti-GBM GN in gamma -/- mice with or without fasudil treatment, and further investigated the underlying mechanisms in cultured differentiated podocytes and leukocytes. Fasudil markedly attenuated crescentic GN with a significant decrease in proteinuria and hematuria, infiltration of T cells and monocytes/macrophages as well as their local proliferation, and preservation of podocyte-specific proteins, including WT-1 and nephrin, in glomeruli. In vitro studies showed that AngII induced the down-regulation of both nephrin and WT-1 expression in podocytes, which was reversed by fasudil in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, fasudil blocked the AngII-induced migration of both macrophages and T cells. Furthermore, we also examined lipopolysaccharide-induced nephrotic syndrome in severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice and found that fasudil failed to block the development of proteinuria because of a B7-1-dependent podocyte injury. In conclusion, fasudil treatment prevents crescent formation and disease progression in anti-GBM GN by preventing AngII-induced podocyte injury and leukocyte migration.
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PMID:Amelioration of crescentic glomerulonephritis by RhoA kinase inhibitor, Fasudil, through podocyte protection and prevention of leukocyte migration. 1824 10

The mode of renin release from renal juxtaglomerular cells into circulation is still unsolved in several aspects. Here we studied the intracellular organization of renin-storage vesicles and their changes during controlled stimulation of renin release. This was accomplished using isolated perfused mouse kidneys with 3-dimensional electron microscopic analyses of renin-producing cells. Renin was found to be stored in a network of single granules and cavern-like structures, and dependent on the synthesis of glycosylated prorenin. Acute stimulation of renin release led to increased exocytosis in combination with intracellular fusion of vesicles to larger caverns and their subsequent emptying. Renin release from the kidneys of SCID-beige mice, which contain few but gigantic renin-storage vesicles, was no different from that of kidneys from wild-type mice. Thus, our findings suggest that renin is released by mechanisms similar to compound exocytosis.
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PMID:Structural analysis suggests that renin is released by compound exocytosis. 2323 68