Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acutely administered caffeine modestly increases blood pressure, plasma catecholamine levels, plasma renin activity, serum free fatty acid levels, urine production, and gastric acid secretion. It alters the electroencephalographic spectrum, mood, and sleep patterns of normal volunteers. Chronic caffeine consumption has no effect on blood pressure, plasma catecholamine levels, plasma renin activity, serum cholesterol concentration, blood glucose levels, or urine production. Caffeine does not appear to be useful for increasing the motility of hypomotile sperm in artificial insemination or in the therapy of minimal brain dysfunction, cancer, or Parkinson's syndrome, but it may be effective as a topical treatment of atopic dermatitis and as systemic therapy for neonatal apnea. Caffeine does not seem to be associated with myocardial infarction; lower urinary tract, renal, or pancreatic cancer; teratogenicity; or fibrocystic breast disease. The role of caffeine in the production of cardiac arrhythmias or gastric or duodenal ulcers remains uncertain.
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PMID:The health consequences of caffeine. 634 91

The authors describe a juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) which caused severe hypertension in a 58-year-old man. Light microscopy showed a circumscribed tumor composed of interlacing cords and occasional nodules of relatively uniform cells with no mitotic activity. Rhomboid crystals characteristic of "prerenin" were present within the cytoplasm of tumor cells, and there was a close relationship between the tumor and unmyelinated nerve axons. Intracytoplasmic renin was demonstrated by immunofluorescence, and tumor granules were shown to contain zinc by electron-beam microanalysis. Review of 14 prior cases, with additional follow-up of 9, showed that no patient had developed recurrence, metastasis, or another tumor. Four patients, however, are hypertensive but probably because of secondary tumor effects rather than recurrent hyperreninism. The distinction of JGCT from hemangiopericytoma with renal involvement is important because of the high mortality associated with the latter. The authors conclude that JGCT is benign, but patients with JGCT may remain hypertensive postnephrectomy because of hypertensive angiopathy.
Cancer 1984 Feb 01
PMID:Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney. 636 18

125I labelled mouse submaxillary renin was administered intravenously to anaesthetized male Institute of Cancer Research, USA (ICR) mice in an attempt to determine the organ-related degradation of circulating renin. A specific antirenin antiserum was used for identification. The disappearance rate of labelled renin from plasma was estimated on the basis of a two-compartmental model. The mean half-time of clearance of labelled renin from plasma in intact control and 70% hepatectomized mice was 13.3 +/- 0.8 and 12.0 +/- 0.9 min respectively; these values were not significantly different. The mean half-time of clearance of labelled renin from plasma in nephrectomized mice was 40.0 +/- 2.4 min; this was significantly longer than intact controls and 70% hepatectomized mice. Fifty per cent of the administered renin accumulated in the kidney and 9% in the liver. A small amount of 125I labelled renin was identified in urine, and a large amount of 125I liberated from labelled renin was detected. Since the high performance liquid chromatography profiles showed that plasma renin rapidly moves into the kidney, clearance of circulating renin may take place mainly in this organ.
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PMID:Renal metabolism in mice of exogenously administered 125I labelled renin. 639 27

The long-term results of nephrectomy were evaluated in 27 patients with malignant renal hypertension. The hypotensive effect of nephrectomy, function of the remaining kidney, central hemodynamics, and peripheral blood renin were investigated. It was found that hypertension remitted in subjects with an unaffected remaining kidney which completely compensated for the function of the removed kidney and maintained blood pressure within normal. Nephrectomy performed during malignant arterial hypertension that developed because of unilateral pyelonephritis and unilateral stenosing of the renal artery with a sufficient total renal function before surgery led to a prolonged remission of arterial hypertension and reverse development of the symptoms of its malignancy. Hypertension did not remit during chronic pyelonephritis of a single kidney. Renal function was substantially decreased as compared with the control group.
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PMID:[Hypotensive effect of nephrectomy in malignant renal hypertension and the function of the remaining kidney at late follow-up]. 651 45

A 45-year-old female developed hypertension and hypokalemia. Elevated plasma aldosterone and suppressed plasma renin levels were measured with no evidence for glucocorticoid or androgen abnormalities. A left adrenal tumor was removed that showed histologic criteria for malignancy. It is commonly taught that malignant adrenal tumors are recognized by their multiple hormone production. However, isolated aldosterone production by a carcinoma can occur and requires close follow-up observation and therapy for this highly malignant tumor.
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PMID:Isolated production of aldosterone by a malignant adrenal carcinoma. 653 92

Deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone (B) are two mineralocorticoid hormones, which are both secretory products of the zona fasciculata and precursors of aldosterone in the zona glomerulosa. Hyperproduction of these compounds plays certainly a role in the pathogenesis of Cushing syndrome hypertension. Their levels in plasma are moderately elevated in half cases of tumour or hyperplasia. In some tumors, the ratio B/DOC is lowered and this might be helpful in diagnosing the malignancy. Moreover, certain tumors secrete exclusively corticosterone and/or DOC. The same mineralocorticoids are responsible for the hypertension in congenital 11-beta-hydroxylase defects (where virilism is present) and congenital 17-alpha-hydroxylase defects (where impuberism is present). Thus, measurements of DOC and corticosterone levels are needed in any case of vascular hypertension associated with hypokalemia and non-elevated renin activity, when routine investigations do not provide immediately the right diagnosis.
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PMID:[Strategy for studying mineralocorticoids other than aldosterone in arterial hypertension of hormonal origin]. 662 19

A patient presented with mediastinal metastases from renal adenocarcinoma. Palliative therapy included Gelfoam and steel coil embolization of the right renal artery. Six weeks later he was found to have developed severe hypertension. Arteriogram revealed collateral vessels which supplied the tumor; the renal vein renin activity was four times higher on the right than on the left. We suspect that infarction of the kidney was not complete because of collateral arterial supply, and renin-dependent hypertension was the result. Thus, it may be hazardous to embolize large hypernephromas without subsequent nephrectomy.
Cancer 1983 Jul 01
PMID:Hypertension with renal carcinoma. An effect of arterial embolization. 685 May 39

A total of 70 patients with renal trauma were treated at the Department of Urology, Nara Medical University and Nara Prefectural Hospital, including Life-Saving Emergency center, from January 1982 to June 1993. They were between 3 and 79 years old (mean 30.0) and preponded to the younger generation. The main cause of injury was traffic accident in 46 cases (65.7%). According to the Classification of Renal Injury by the Japanese Association for the Surgery of Trauma in Japan, there were 31 cases (44.3%) of type I (subcapsular injury), 18 cases (25.7%) of type II (superficial injury), 15 cases (21.4%) of type III (deep injury), and 6 cases (8.6%) of type IV (pedicle injury). Surgical treatment was performed in 17 cases (24.2%). The major associated injuries were bone fracture in 32 cases (45.7%), lung injury in 17 cases (24.2%), and liver injury in 15 cases (21.4%). Furthermore, hydronephrosis and ureteral tumors were incidentally found in 4 and 1 patient during the course of treatment for renal trauma. Post-traumatic plasma renin activities (PRA) in types III and IV were significantly higher than those in types I and II. Hypertension developed in 1 case of types I and II and 4 cases of types III and IV. The mean level of PRA was significantly decreased 2 years after renal injury in both groups. We should bear in mind that renal trauma may be associated with other urological diseases such as hydronephrosis and urological malignancies, and post-traumatic PRA should be followed carefully.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of renal trauma]. 783 83

s.c. and abdominal tumors from interspecific hybrid, transgenic mice containing the SV40 early region linked to a renin enhancer/promoter were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity to identify chromosomal regions involved in tumorigenesis. A very high frequency of loss of heterozygosity/partial loss of heterozygosity or allelic imbalance involving the distal regions of chromosome 8 was observed in the s.c. tumors (76%) with frequent amplification (3-6 times) of the corresponding proximal regions including Junb, suggesting that chromosome 8 breakage and amplification promotes tumorigenesis in these mice.
Cancer Res 1994 Dec 15
PMID:Chromosome 8 alterations accompany tumorigenesis in renin-SV40 T antigen transgenic mice. 798 48

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37 amino acid peptide resulting from the specific maturation processes of calcitonin gene products, was discovered in 1982. Its messenger RNA was isolated from a calcitonin cancer in rats similar to the human thyroid medullary carcinoma. CGRP is closely related to calcitonin and amylin, and to a lesser extent, to the region coding for the alpha chains of relaxins, insulin and insulin growth factors. In thyroid C cells, calcitonin itself is the major gene product, but CGRP is predominant in the central and peripheral nervous system. CGRP is found in most all tissues and is considered to be a neuromediator of particular importance in the cardiovascular system. CGRP is a powerful endogenous vasodilator in man; plasma concentrations of 56 pmol/l (slightly above physiological levels) provoke flush, hypotension and secondary catecholamine release and subsequent tachycardia. Intravenous injections lead to systemic vasodilatation and redistribution of blood flow to the skin, the brain, and probably the splanchnic territory. It has been suggested that CGRP plays a role in blood pressure modulation in certain pathological conditions. CGRP level is decreased in hypertension and increased in septic shock. In patients with terminal renal failure, CGRP is correlated with excess volaemia. It could affect blood pressure by redistributing blood flow, interacting with the renin-angiotensin system or by inhibiting aldosterone secretion. CGRP may also play a role in modulating cutaneous vascular constriction in Raynaud's syndrome and cerebral vascularization in patients with migraine or meningeal hemorrhage subsequent to rupture of cerebral aneurisms. CGRP increases arterial flow in the cavernous body. Coronarian vascular tone and cardiac performance (positive chronotrope and inotrope effects) are improved. CGRP has also been studied in connection with glucose metabolism and may have other endocrine effects. Finally, CGRP increases electrolyte and water flow in the colon and its bronchoconstrictor effect could be implicated in asthma. The clinical significance of plasma CGRP is not yet known although it may be a marker of poor prognosis in thyroid medullary cancer. Recent studies suggest that CGRP could be a useful therapeutic agent in severe Raynaud syndrome, impotency, ischaemic neurological lesions due to ruptured aneurisms and in severe heart failure.
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PMID:[Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)]. 817 60


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