Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.23.15 (renin)
 35,795 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Local renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) exist in many cell types, and angiotensin II (AII) has growth regulatory effects in some tissues. We demonstrated the presence of angiotensinogen (ANG) mRNA in cultured human mesangial cells (MC) and SHSY-5Y human neuroblastoma cells using reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) followed by hybridization to a human ANG-specific oligonucleotide probe. We speculated, therefore, that AII might act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to regulate the growth of mesangial cells and neuroblastoma cells. Sense and antisense oligonucleotides were next synthesized complementary to the ANG transcription start site. Antisense but not sense oligonucleotides decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by both MC and neuroblastoma cells. Growth of antisense oligonucleotide-treated cells was restored to control levels by the addition of AII but not by the addition of basic fibroblast growth factor. Neither oligonucleotide affected [3H]thymidine incorporation in mouse L929 cells. These data indicate that locally produced AII can act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to alter the growth of human mesangial and neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, they suggest a role for local RAS in the pathogenesis of growth abnormalities in the cardiovascular system as well as in some forms of malignancy.
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PMID:The use of antisense oligonucleotides to establish autocrine angiotensin growth effects in human neuroblastoma and mesangial cells. 149 71

The recent advances in the diagnosis of adrenal diseases owe much to the rapid progress in radiological and endocrinological areas. The former is ascribed to the progress of medical electronics. The latter has been realized by the development, improvement and spread of the measurement of a very small amount of hormones or hormone-like substances in blood, urine or tissues, supported by the improvement of measurement instruments as well as the immunoassay or chemical assay techniques. This paper reviews approaches to diagnosis of adrenal diseases causing hypertension and asymptomatic, incidentally discovered adrenal tumors. Incidentally discovered adrenal tumors have increased owing to the spread of medical electronic instruments such as abdominal ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Discrimination of malignancy is an important clinical concern. More than 90% of the tumors reported in the Japanese were larger than 3 cm in diameter. The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism has been made by the measurement of plasma renin and aldosterone, CT and 131I-cholesterol scintigraphy. However the differential diagnosis of adrenal adenoma from bilateral adrenal hyperplasia has remained as a problem. There were a few patients in whom adrenal adenomas appeared after 2-3 years' follow-up period. In Cushing's syndrome, tumors are found with ease by US, CT and MRI. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is made mainly by urinary catecholamines and metabolites including metanephrine, normetanephrine and VMA. US, CT and MRI are very useful. Diagnosis and discovery of metastasis will be more reliably made when 131I-MIBG comes to the clinical stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Diagnosis of adrenal diseases focusing on morphological and endocrinological viewpoints]. 194 68

Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) is a new promising treatment for cancer, but is associated with severe renal toxicity. This study is the first to analyse the renal effects of rIL-2 in children. Twenty-one cycles of continuous rIL-2 infusion were studied in 15 patients; mean age was 6.9 years and average weight 18.9 kg. Interstitial fluid retention and oliguria (baseline, 1.7 ml/kg per hour; nadir, 0.5 mg/kg per hour) were associated with hypotension (baseline, 101/56 mm Hg; nadir, 85/43 mm Hg) and decreased intravascular volume (plasma renin activity increased x 10). Weight gain (+7.9%) was observed in 13 cycles whereas weight loss (-6.3%) was shown in 8 cycles because of digestive and cutaneous losses, mainly in the youngest patients. This prerenal azotaemia was characterized by a decrease in creatinine clearance (from 101 to 36 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and a low fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) (from 0.70% to 0.09%). Hypotension and hypovolaemia needed vascular filling (n = 12), dopamine (n = 7) and interruption of rIL-2 (n = 2). Most abnormalities occurred as early as day 2 of therapy and were always reversible after a short period with sodium leakage (diuresis = 2.2 ml/kg per hour, FENa = 2.01%). Hypophosphataemia was associated with low urinary excretion of phosphorus, suggesting an increased uptake of inorganic phosphorus by rapidly proliferating lymphoid cells.
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PMID:Renal effects of continuous infusion of recombinant interleukin-2 in children. 202 34

To evaluate the usefulness of the plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-to-cortisol ratio (D/C) and the plasma aldosterone-to-plasma renin activity ratio (ALDO/PRA) as indicators of stress, we first monitored changes in these ratios associated with surgery in 13 patients who were healthy except for their localized gynecologic diseases. D/C and ALDO/PRA ratios were reduced by 37 and 42%, respectively, 4-5 days postsurgery compared to those 3-4 days before surgery (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) and returned to preoperative levels 11-13 days after surgery. In contrast, individual hormone levels showed no significant changes associated with surgery. Having documented that these ratios may serve as indicators of stress, we then sequentially measured D/C ratios in patients with gynecologic malignancy subjected to cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy and in patients in the terminal stage. Although such therapies did not affect D/C ratios to a measurable extent, patients in the terminal stage gave consistently low D/C ratios in spite of normal vital signs (a D/C ratio below 6 was deemed low). Such low ratios occurred only sporadically in other patients and, again, individual values for DHEA and cortisol showed no consistent pattern. We believe that use of D/C ratios as an indicator of stress warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-to-cortisol ratios as an indicator of stress in gynecologic patients. 214 May 58

Mesenchymal renal tumors in F-344 newborn rats were induced by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine. The induced tumors were successfully transplanted into adult rats under the renal capsule. Neither the primary nor the transplanted neoplasms from various generations of grafts changed their morphological features during the tumor passage, having the same cellularity with high mitotic activity and the tendency to invade the host kidney rapidly. On the basis of lectin histochemistry and immunohistology, the tumor proved to be a mesenchymal neoplasm without any obvious capacity of the proliferating cells to differentiate into any well-known organoid element normally found in mature renal parenchyma. However, the proliferating neoplastic cells were found to have a strong vimentin positivity with desmin expression. Ultrastructurally, myofilaments with attachment bodies characteristic of smooth muscle cells were generally present in various amounts in many tumor cells. In addition, on the basis of the physiological data and on kidney/tumor renin activity obtained, it is interesting to note that the tumor-graft-invaded kidneys retained their enzyme activity, despite the obvious loss of renal tissue including glomeruli. However, the immunohistochemical findings with anti-renin antibody have clearly shown that this is not due to a renin-producing tumor but rather to the surviving (probably) non-neoplastic arterioles retaining the capacity to produce renin. Although these arterioles have mostly been found next to necrotic areas, commonly occurring in dimethylnitrosamine-induced transplantable renal tumors, the question of a possible physiological role of renin in tumor necrosis or in angiogenesis has remained open.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1990
PMID:Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of dimethylnitrosamine-induced malignant mesenchymal renal tumor in F-344 rats. 214 98

In the present study, we investigated whether release of hANP increases during mild and long-term volume loading. Eight lung cancer patients in good performance state (five men and three women, 35 to 68 years), who needed to have pre-hydration for cancer chemotherapy with cisplatin, were infused with about seven liters of isotonic saline over 48 hours through Swan-Ganz catheter placed in the pulmonary artery. The mean infusion rate was 0.042 ml/min.kg body weight. During the infusion, change in plasma volume (delta PV) increased by 5.8 + 3.3 (mean +/- SE) %. Right atrial pressure (RAP) did not change significantly, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) increased from 4.3 +/- 1.0 to 5.8 +/- 0.7 mmHg. Plasma hANP was significantly elevated from 50.6 +/- 0.7 to 105.1 +/- 19.3 pg/ml by the second day of the infusion with a suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone, though plasma ADH did not change. The infusion rate at 20:00 on the first day was the same as that on the second day. Further increase in plasma hANP was shown at 20:00 on the second day compared with the level at the same time on the first day, though RAP, PAWP and delta PV did not change. These results indicate that mild and chronic volume loading increases plasma hANP, and suggest that the prolongation of volume expansion plays an important role in the releasing of hANP in humans.
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PMID:[Effects of chronic volume loading on atrial natriuretic peptide release in human]. 214 15

Adrenal imaging using radiopharmaceuticals is a functional test that can contribute significantly to surgical management and follow-up of patients with either benign or malignant conditions of the adrenal cortex and medulla. Imaging of the cortex is achieved by iodine-131-labeled iodomethyl nor-cholesterol (NP-59), while adrenal medulla imaging can be successfully accomplished by 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), which localizes in the adrenergic nerve terminal with norepinephrine. Both tests carry high sensitivity and specificity for functional tumors and hyperplasia, and often better than CT scanning. This article reviews the current status and clinical utility of nuclear imaging of the adrenal cortex in congenital hyperplasia, low renin hypertension and aldosteronism, and Cushing's syndrome. Adrenal medulla imaging is reviewed in light of our experience at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and other neuroectodermal tumors. Investigation of 131I-MIBG therapy of metastatic tumors of neuroectodermal origin potentially offers a means of at least controlling symptoms of hormonal secretion in these patients.
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PMID:Role of adrenal imaging in surgical management. 217 29

The adrenal function mainly cortical one, was evaluated in 16 patients with incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Pathological examination was possible in 15 cases. The finding consisted of adrenocortical adenoma in 9, adrenocortical nodular hyperplasia in 1, adrenal medullary hyperplasia in 1, metastatic tumor in 2 and adrenal cyst in 2. Another case of adrenal cyst was diagnosed by percutaneous puncture. In all cases peripheral levels of plasma cortisol, plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity were normal. Plasma catecholamine levels were also normal except in a case of adrenal medullary hyperplasia. On the other hand, the cases of adrenocortical adenoma displayed elevation of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in 6/9 (67%), a loss of plasma cortisol circadian rhythm in 3/7 (43%) and insufficient suppression on dexamethasone (DXM) suppression test in 6/9 (67%). Their adrenal scintigraphy (with 131I-6 beta-iodomethyl-9-nor-cholest-5 (10)-en-3 beta-ol) revealed an increased ipsilateral up-take and insufficient suppression after DXM in all, while a diminished contralateral up-take in 4/9 (44%). These data suggested that a considerable number of adrenal incidentalomas may not be truly "non-functioning". Two patients with cortical adenoma experienced post operative adrenal insufficiency (25%). It was suggested that a pre-operative loss of plasma cortisol circadian rhythm was the most prognosticating of the post operative adrenal insufficiency, rather than insufficient DXM suppression or scintigraphic absence of contralateral up-take. Among the patients with malignancy, differentiation of incidental adrenal adenoma from metastasis by size alone may not be reliable.
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PMID:[Clinical experience of adrenal incidentaloma with particular reference to adrenal cortical function]. 229 17

Imbalance of water and electrolytes in the elderly was investigated. In the elderly, hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance disorder and half of the cases with hyponatremia are accompanied by malignancy. It is well known that renal function decreases with ageing, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, relative AVP unresponsiveness and high level of plasma ANP are observed in the elderly. Therefore, renin-aldosterone system, AVP and ANP as well as renal function of the elderly were studied. AVP response to osmotic stimulus in the elderly increased, indicating that osmostat hypersensitivity existed in the elderly. The response of ANP to hypertonic saline infusion was well preserved. Increase in FENa with decrease in GFR and decreased salt-retaining renal capacity, with low response of the renin-aldosterone system, under low salt intake were observed in the elderly. Therefore, the low response of renin-aldosterone system may be, in part, involved in the pathophysiology. Plasma ANP positively correlated with FENa and the rate of the response of FENa to endogenous ANP was lower in the elderly than in young adults. In addition, the ANP disappearance rate from plasma in the elderly decreased. It was, therefore, suggested that those factors might be, in part, responsible for the increase in plasma ANP level. Accordingly, a high plasma ANP level might be relatively non-contributory to hyponatremia in the elderly. In summary, hyponatremia is the most common disorder of electrolyte imbalance in the elderly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Electrolyte imbalance in the elderly]. 252 84

A 54-yr-old woman with the symptoms of primary reninism, i.e. hypertension, metabolic alkalosis and elevated levels of plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone, is described. She had an ileal cancer secreting active and inactive renin. The symptoms markedly improved after resection of the tumor. In the tumor active and inactive renin were proved to be present by an assay of angiotensin I formation in the presence and absence of renin antibody, and renin immunoreactivity was found immunohistochemically. The mRNA coding for the renin precursor was identified in the RNA-rich extract of the tumor by blot hybridization analysis with the human renin cDNA as a probe. The mRNA from the tumor was shown to be identical in molecular size to that from the human kidney by agarose gel electrophoresis. This is the first description of an ectopic renin-producing ileal carcinoma and the first demonstration of renin mRNA in the tumor tissue.
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PMID:Ectopic production of renin by ileal carcinoma. 254 46


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