Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.22.65 (Der p 1)
 346 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For this review, articles on immunotherapy dosing in pediatric respiratory allergy were identified via PubMed, through congressional abstracts for 2008, in reference lists of recent review articles, and via personal communication with experts. In pediatric subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), doses shown to be effective, mostly in aluminium-adsorbed preparations administered every 6 weeks, contain 20 microg of group 5 major allergen, 12 microg Bet v 1, 15 microg Fel d 1, and 5 to 20 microg Der p 1. Evidence indicates that SCIT prevents new sensitizations and asthma onset 7 years after discontinuation and reduces symptoms 12 years after a 5-year SCIT course, even though skin reactivity returns. Consistent evidence of effect exists for sublingual immunotherapy in pediatric respiratory allergy with daily 15- to 25-microg grass group 5 major allergen and 6 microg Bet v 1. Der p/f doses of 0.8/0.4 microg three times weekly (up to 27/57 microg daily) demonstrate inconsistent findings. Evidence of effect exists for SCIT in pediatric allergic rhinitis and asthma as treatment and preventive management. Evidence of effect exists for sublingual immunotherapy in pediatric allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and seasonal asthma. Similar results are doubtful for perennial asthma.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2008 Nov
PMID:Subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in children: complete update on controversies, dosing, and efficacy. 1894 Jan 36

Indoor allergen exposure to sources such as house-dust mites, pets, fungi, and insects plays a significant role in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. The identification of the major allergens has led to methods that can quantitate exposure, e.g., immunoassays for Der p 1 in settled dust samples. Sensitization and the development of allergic respiratory disease result from complex genetic and environmental interactions. New paradigms that examine the role of other environmental factors, including exposure to proteases that can activate eosinophils and initiate Th2 responses, and epigenetics, are being explored. Recommendations for specific environmental allergen avoidance measures are discussed for house-dust mites, cockroaches, animal dander, and fungi. Specific measures to reduce indoor allergen exposure when vigorously applied may reduce the risk of sensitization and symptoms of allergic respiratory disease, although further research will be necessary to establish cost-effective approaches.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Indoor allergens, environmental avoidance, and allergic respiratory disease. 1917 84

Corpus Christi, TX, is a Gulf Coast city with high humidity levels year-round. There is little available data on mite species in mattress dust, allergen levels, and sensitization to different mite species in allergic patients. This study was designed to determine skin sensitization and specific serum IgE to Dermatophagoides spp. and Blomia tropicalis in patients attending an allergy clinic and to explore the mite fauna and allergen content of their mattresses. Skin-prick tests to Dermatophagoides spp. and B. tropicalis along with mite-specific IgE in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ImmunoCAP tests were performed in allergic patients attending an outpatient allergy clinic in Corpus Christi, TX. Mite species and allergen levels were determined in mattress dust. Forty-five consecutive patients were evaluated; 10 patients had positive skin tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis, 32 patients reacted only to D. pteronyssinus, and 3 patients reacted exclusively to B. tropicalis. Increased titers of D. pteronyssinus- and D. farinae-specific IgE were present and B. tropicalis-specific IgE titers were lower. Significant amounts of mites were observed in 79.5% of dust samples, with a predominance of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae. Other mite species, such as B. tropicalis, Euroglyphus maynei, Tarsonemus spp., Tyrophagus putrescientiae, Cheyletus spp., and Oribatidae were also observed. Greater levels of Der p and Der f 1 than of Blo t 5 were present in the mattresses. D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae are the prevalent mite species in houses of allergic patients from Corpus Christi, TX. Other mite species are also found.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Allergic sensitization to domestic mites in Corpus Christi, Texas. 1946 6

Indoor allergens and microbial bio-contaminants play a significant role in asthma symptoms. The aim of the study was to determine levels of house dust mite allergens, bacterial endotoxin, and fungal beta-glucan in homes of 120 asthmatic children in central Taiwan. Dust samples from 120 mattresses (67 double-sided) were analyzed for house dust mite allergens (Der p 1, Der f 1, and Blo t 5), endotoxin, and beta-glucan. Pillows (n = 118) were analyzed for house dust mite allergens only. Kitchen dust samples were analyzed for the cockroach allergen, Bla g 1. Blo t 5 was detected in 9.3% pillows and 82.2% mattresses, Der p 1 in 95.8% pillows and 93.2% mattresses, and Der f 1 in 82.2% pillows and 83.1% mattresses. Geometric mean levels (95% confidence interval) of endotoxin and beta-glucan in mattresses were 108.4 Eu/mg (81.4-144.2) and 25.2 microg/g (22.7-28.0), respectively. House dust mite allergens and endotoxin levels were significantly lower on the bamboo side of 67 mattresses, compared to the inner sprung mattress side. Geometric mean of kitchen Bla g 1 was 0.61 U/g (95% CI: 0.43-0.85). Given the presence of Der p 1, Der f 1 and Blo t 5 in central Taiwan, it is advised to measure allergens of all three house dust mite species to obtain a true index of allergen exposure. Bamboo sides of mattresses had significantly lower house dust mite allergens and endotoxin levels.
J Asthma 2009 Sep
PMID:Indoor allergens and microbial bio-contaminants in homes of asthmatic children in central Taiwan. 1972 17

Asthma is etiologically and clinically heterogeneous, making the genomic basis of asthma difficult to identify. We exploited the strain-dependence of a murine model of allergic airway disease to identify different genomic responses in the lung. BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice were sensitized with the immunodominant allergen from the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus species of house dust mite (Der p 1), without exogenous adjuvant, and the mice then underwent a single challenge with Der p 1. Allergic inflammation, serum antibody titers, mucous metaplasia, and airway hyperresponsiveness were evaluated 72 hours after airway challenge. Whole-lung gene expression analyses were conducted to identify genomic responses to allergen challenge. Der p 1-challenged BALB/cJ mice produced all the key features of allergic airway disease. In comparison, C57BL/6J mice produced exaggerated Th2-biased responses and inflammation, but exhibited an unexpected decrease in airway hyperresponsiveness compared with control mice. Lung gene expression analysis revealed genes that were shared by both strains and a set of down-regulated genes unique to C57BL/6J mice, including several G-protein-coupled receptors involved in airway smooth muscle contraction, most notably the M2 muscarinic receptor, which we show is expressed in airway smooth muscle and was decreased at the protein level after challenge with Der p 1. Murine strain-dependent genomic responses in the lung offer insights into the different biological pathways that develop after allergen challenge. This study of two different murine strains demonstrates that inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness can be decoupled, and suggests that the down-modulation of expression of G-protein-coupled receptors involved in regulating airway smooth muscle contraction may contribute to this dissociation.
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PMID:Strain-dependent genomic factors affect allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. 2137 63

Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory, respiratory disease caused by an abnormal reactivity against allergens. The most promising treatments for asthma are based on specific immunotherapies, but they lack efficiency and can induce deleterious side effects. Among new modalities of immunotherapy currently in development, DNA vaccination presents a promising approach, as it enables targeted immunotherapy in association with reduced allergenicity. We have developed an innovative, DNA-based vaccine against Dermatophagoides farinae 1 allergen (Der f 1), one of the allergens most commonly encountered by asthma patients in Europe. Intramuscular administration of a Der f 1-encoding plasmid formulated with the block copolymer 704 in healthy mice induced a strong humoral and cellular response with a pro-helper T cell type 1 bias. Administration of the same formulation in asthmatic mice, according to an early vaccination protocol, led to a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness and a significant decrease in the level of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage of Der f 1-vaccinated mice.
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PMID:DNA/amphiphilic block copolymer nanospheres reduce asthmatic response in a mouse model of allergic asthma. 2242 72

The house-dust mite (HDM), commonly found in human dwellings, is an important source of inhalant and contact allergens. In this report, the importance of HDM allergy in Korea and the characteristics of allergens from dust mite are reviewed with an emphasis on investigations performed in Korea. In Korea, Dermatophagoides farinae is the dominant species of HDM, followed by D. pteronyssinus. Tyrophagus putrescentiae is also found in Korea, but its role in respiratory allergic disease in Korea is controversial. The relatively low densities of mite populations and concentrations of mite major allergens in dust samples from Korean homes, compared to westernized countries, are thought to reflect not only different climatic conditions, but also cultural differences, such as the use of 'ondol' under-floor heating systems in Korean houses. HDM are found in more than 90% of Korean houses, and the level of exposure to HDM is clinically significant. About 40%-60% of Korean patients suffering from respiratory allergies, and more than 40% of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis, are sensitized to HDM. Mite allergens can be summarized according to their inherent auto-adjuvant activities and/or their binding affinities to the adjuvant-like substances: proteolytic enzymes, lipid binding proteins, chitin binding proteins, and allergens not associated with adjuvant-like activity. In general, allergens with a strong adjuvant-like activity or adjuvant-binding activity elicit potent IgE reactivity. In Korea, Der f 2 is the most potent allergen, followed by Der f 1. Immune responses are modulated by the properties of the allergen itself and by the adjuvant-like substances that are concomitantly administered with the antigens. Characterization of allergenic molecules and elucidation of mechanisms by which adjuvant-like molecules modulate allergic reactions, not only in Korea but also worldwide, will provide valuable information on allergic diseases, and are necessary for the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2012 Nov
PMID:House dust mite allergy in Korea: the most important inhalant allergen in current and future. 2311 27

Exposure to indoor allergens represents a significant risk factor for allergies and asthma in several parts of the world. In Mexico, few studies have evaluated indoor allergens, including cat, dog, and mouse allergens and the factors that predict their presence. This study evaluates the main environmental and household predictors of high prenatal allergen levels and multiple allergen exposures in a birth cohort from Mexico City. A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a birth cohort study of 1094 infants recruited during pregnancy and followed until delivery. We collected dust samples in a subset of 264 homes and assessed environmental factors. Der p 1, Der f 1, dust mite group 2, Fel d 1, Can f 1, Rat n 1, Mus m 1, and Bla g 2 concentrations in dust samples were measured using immunoassays. To define detectable allergen levels, the lowest limits of detection for each allergen were taken as cutoff points. Overall allergen exposure was considered high when four or more allergens exceeded detectable levels in the same household. Logistic regression was used for predictive models. Eighty-five percent of homes had at least one allergen in dust over the detection limit, 52.1% had high exposure (four or more allergens above detectable limits), and 11.7% of homes had detectable levels for more than eight allergens. Der p 1, Der p 2, Mus m 1, and Fel d 1 were the most frequent allergens detected. Each allergen had both common and distinct predictors. The main predictors of a high multiple allergen index were the size of the home, pesticide use, mother's age, mother as homemaker, and season. Increased indoor environmental allergen exposure is mainly related to sociodemographic factors and household cleaning.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Indoor determinants of dustborne allergens in Mexican homes. 2571 41

Asthma and allergies are both major global health problems with an increasing prevalence, and environmental data implicate an influence of air pollutants on their development. The present study focuses on the influence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the major allergen of the house dust mite Der p 1 on human nasal epithelial cells of nonallergic patients in vitro. Nasal epithelial mucosa samples of 11 donors were harvested during nasal air passage surgery and cultured as an air-liquid interface. Exposure to 0.1, 1 and 10 ppm NO2 or synthetic air as a control was performed for 1 h. Subsequently, the cells were exposed to Der p 1 for 24 h. The release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 was measured by ELISA, and the production of IL-6 mRNA and IL-8 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. NO2 exposure resulted in a concentration-dependent release of IL-6, but not IL-8 release. The coexposure of 0.1 ppm NO2 and Der p 1, or 1 ppm NO2 and Der p 1 significantly increased both IL-6 and IL-8 release. Exposure to NO2, Der p 1, or their combination, did not significantly influence the production of IL-6 or IL-8 mRNA. In conclusion, NO2 increases the release of inflammatory cytokines in human nasal epithelial cells, especially in coexposure with Der p 1, as a mechanism of allergotoxicology.
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PMID:The Proinflammatory Potential of Nitrogen Dioxide and Its Influence on the House Dust Mite Allergen Der p 1. 2782 Sep 23

Serum IgE assay is a mainstay step in the allergy work up. Allergenic extracts and molecular components are available at present. This real life study compared the serum specific IgE levels against allergenic extracts with allergenic molecules in patients allergic to Parietaria, Betulaceae, and mites. This retrospective real life study included 489 subjects with respiratory allergy. Inclusion criteria were 1) documented diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or allergic asthma, and 2) documented allergy to Parietaria judaica (Par j) 2 (216 patients: 112 females, mean age 42 years), or to Betula verrucosa (Bet v) 1 (62 patients: 35 females, mean age 3 years), or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) 1 (211 patients: 107 females, mean age 34 years); and mono-allergy. Serum IgE, specific both for total/crude allergen extracts and individual purified/recombinant allergens, were assessed by ImmunoCap system. The serum IgE levels to birch extract were very strongly (R2=0.96) related to IgE to Bet v 1. There was a strong (R2=0.71) correlation between Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus IgE and Der p 1. A very strong (R2=0.87) correlation also existed between Parietaria extract IgE and Par j 2 IgE levels. However, there was discrepancy between percentages of positivity between allergenic extracts and molecules. Therefore, allergen molecular diagnostics may represent a useful way in allergy work up, but deserves caution in particular circumstances.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017 Feb
PMID:A Real Life Comparison between Allergenic Extracts and Allergenic Molecules. 2841 23


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