Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.22.65 (Der p 1)
 346 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exposure to common indoor allergens is known to be associated with sensitization and triggers of asthma. Levels of allergens have been barely described in Mediterranean countries. This study reports domestic allergen levels among the general population of two regions of Spain. Dust samples were collected from living rooms and mattresses in homes of infants in Barcelona (n = 366) and Menorca (n = 475) and assayed for house dust mite (Der p 1) and cat allergen (Fel d 1) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Geometric mean values (95% CI) of Der p 1 were 0.77 micro g/g (0.65, 0.92) in living rooms and 0.68 (0.56, 0.82) in children's mattresses in Barcelona, and 9.06 (7.93-10.34) and 3.12 (2.71-3.59) in Menorca, respectively. Fel d 1 levels were 0.37 micro g/g (0.31, 0.45) and 0.14 (0.12, 0.18) in Barcelona, and 0.42 (0.35, 0.50) and 0.20 (0.18, 0.24) in Menorca. Home characteristics were not consistently related to levels of aeroallergens in either location. Differences in Der p 1 levels in the two locations indicate that levels cannot be extrapolated from one part of a country to another with any certainty. Additionally, allergen reduction measures related to indoor sources must be specific to each location.
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PMID:Domestic aeroallergen levels in Barcelona and Menorca (Spain). 1248 16

In epidemiological studies, increased indoor temperature--producing a lower relative humidity--is associated with low house dust mite (HDM) load. Twenty-eight dwellings were allocated for either intervention (12/15 completed) or control (11/13 completed). In the intervention group, participants were asked to increase the bedroom temperature by at least 3 degrees C compared to the self-assessed temperature of the previous winter. Dust samples were repeatedly collected from mattress and floor, and bedroom temperature and relative humidity were recorded hourly throughout one year. Dust was analysed for allergen (Der f 1 + Der p 1 + Der m 1 = Der 1) by ELISA and HDMs were counted. Changes in mite and in mite allergen concentration were the same in the control and intervention groups, and measured temperatures did not differ during intervention period in the groups (18 degrees C and 19 degrees C). Groups turned out not to be comparable with respect to initial (self-assessed) bedroom temperature (lowest in the intervention group). There was a significant seasonal variation, with doubled Der 1 concentrations in dust collected in July-November compared to January-May samples. No effect was obtained on mites or mite allergens, but this may be due either to a general lack of effect of increase in bedroom temperature, or to an insufficient increase in temperature in our intervention group. Seasonal variations in HDM and HDM allergens must be accounted for when data on exposure are interpreted.
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PMID:A controlled intervention study concerning the effect of intended temperature rise on house dust mite load. 1249 84

Exposure to allergens from house dust-mites (Der p 1) and domestic cats (Fel d 1) is associated with symptom severity in atopic subjects with asthma and rhinitis. Assessment of allergen exposure in the domestic environment is normally determined by measurement from a single floor site. We determined the variability of these allergens and protein throughout the whole living room floor area. Dust samples were collected from 1 m2 areas from 16 carpeted living room floors in Wellington, New Zealand, and analyzed for concentrations of Der p 1 and Fel d 1. Mean coefficients of variation for Der p 1 and Fel d 1 were 53.1% (range: 28.5-136.8) and 65.6% (range: 28.5-131.0), respectively. This study has demonstrated a large variation of house dust-mite and cat allergens within living room floors and thus assessment of a single sampling site may not be representative of an individual's exposure risk. House dust-mite and cat allergen levels from the center of the room, in front of a couch or chair, or from a corner of the room are similar to mean levels from the whole room. These sites may thus be representative of the whole living room floor in large-scale epidemiological studies.
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PMID:House dust-mite allergen and cat allergen variability within carpeted living room floors in domestic dwellings. 1471 24

Exposure to allergens from house dust-mites (Der p 1) and domestic cats (Fel d 1) is associated with symptom severity in atopic subjects with asthma and rhinitis. Assessment of allergen exposure in the domestic environment is normally determined by measurement from a single floor site. We determined the variability of these allergens and protein throughout the whole living room floor area. Dust samples were collected from 1 m2 areas from 16 carpeted living room floors in Wellington, New Zealand, and analyzed for concentrations of Der p 1 and Fel d 1. Mean coefficients of variation for Der p 1 and Fel d 1 were 53.1% (range: 28.5-136.8) and 65.6% (range: 28.5-131), respectively. This study has demonstrated a large variation of house dust-mite and cat allergens within living room floors and thus a single sampling site may not be representative for assessment of an individual's exposure risk. House dust-mite and cat allergen levels from the center of the room, in front of a couch or chair, or from a corner of the room are similar to mean levels from the whole room, these sites may thus be representative of the whole living room floor in large-scale epidemiological studies.
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PMID:House dust-mite allergen and cat allergen variability within carpeted living room floors in domestic dwellings. 1471 24

Helminthic infections and allergic diseases are highly prevalent in many parts of the world. Although skin reactivity to indoor allergens is decreased in subjects from helminthic endemic areas, the degree of exposure to mite allergens has not yet been investigated in these areas. This study evaluated the association between exposure to dust mites and skin reactivity to mite allergens in subjects with a history of wheezing in the last 12 months selected from a rural endemic area for schistosomiasis (group I, n = 21), and two non-Schistosoma mansoni endemic locale, a rural area (group II, n = 21) and a urban slum area (group III, n = 21). All subjects were evaluated by skin prick tests with mite allergens, and for total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against dust mites, antibodies for S. mansoni, and for intestinal parasites. Dust samples from each subjects' home were quantified for mite allergen and species of the mite identification. Except for S. mansoni infection which was more prevalent in group I than in groups II and III (p < 0.0001), the prevalence of intestinal parasites, and total and specific IgE levels were similar for all groups. Despite the levels of mite allergens and specifically to Der p 1 detected in dust samples of subjects home from all three areas, the frequency of positive skin reactivity to mite antigens was significantly lower (19.0%) in subjects from group I relative to group II (76.2%) and group III (57.1%; p < 0.001). This result suggests that S. mansoni infection could modulate the immediate hypersensitivity skin response to mite allergens in highly exposed subjects.
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PMID:Low frequency of positive skin tests in asthmatic patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni exposed to high levels of mite allergens. 1505 90

Variable methods of dust collection may lead to uncertainty in the measurement of biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two different dust collection devices on dust weight, Der p 1, Fel d 1, and endotoxin levels. We compared: (1) a nylon mesh sock inserted between the furniture attachment and the vacuum hose (the reference method) and (2) the ALK device. Duplicate dust samples were collected for 2 min from 2 m(2) of 37 living room floors and from each longitudinal half of 37 mattresses. Measurement of Der p 1 and Fel d 1 were by double monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and endotoxin by a Limulus Amobocyte Lysate assay. Geometric mean ratios (95% confidence intervals) were calculated to show the differences between sampling devices for each measurement. Compared with the ALK device, the reference method collected significantly more dust from floors (sevenfold) and mattresses (threefold) and more total Der p 1, Fel d 1, and endotoxin in both sites. Floor, but not mattress, Der p 1 concentrations were also significantly higher (threefold) using our reference method. We recommend that, in order to minimize sampling device bias, allergen and endotoxin are expressed as a concentration, and that the bed is considered the major source of allergen exposure. Practical Implications Dust sampling equipment can influence the dust yield. In order to have confidence in comparisons of allergen and endotoxin reservoir levels between centers, standardization in the use of sampling equipment is important.
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PMID:Comparison of two dust collection methods for reservoir indoor allergens and endotoxin on carpets and mattresses. 1510 90

House dust mite and other indoor allergens play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic diseases. Several studies have shown a close relationship between sensitisation and/or onset of asthmatic symptoms and levels of indoor allergen exposure. Aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of specific markers of the indoor allergenic pollution, such as Der p 1, Der f 1, Mite Group 2, Fel d 1 and Bla g 2. Dust samples were taken using a standard method by means of a 1200 W vacuum cleaner connected with a dust-sampling device (MITEST). A standard A4 size area has been vacuumed four times during 2 min. The concentrations of Der p 1, Der f 1, Mite Group 2, Fel d 1 and Bla g 2 were determined in dust samples from 53 different sources (office chair and carpet) using a commercial kit (DUSTSCREEN). House dust mite allergens were not always detectable in the offices. Indoor allergen concentrations (Der p 1, Der f 1, Mite Group 2, Fel d 1) were significant higher in the work station (chair) than in the carpet (p < 0.0001). Der 1 exceeded the current threshold for sensitization in about 1/4 of the samples. Der f 1 was predominant over Der p 1 according to other studies. A good correlation between the results of Der p 1 and Der f 1 was observed both in carpet and work station. Cat allergen was ubiquitous and predominantly detected in the chairs because of the employees' clothes. No appreciable levels for Mite Gr 2 and Bla g 2 were detected. Such an exposure for 8 hours in every working day may be an important occupational risk for the development of sensitization/elicitation symptoms to house dust mite. To reduce mite allergen levels are necessary preventive measure by means of specific techniques and products as barriers for preventing the direct contact with allergens.
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PMID:[Indoor allergens in office. Evaluation of the work station]. 1527 Apr 36

This study investigated the influence of prenatal exposure to house dust mite (HDM, D. pteronyssinus) on interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in cord blood as well as on the development of sensitization and occurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) as the first symptom of allergy during the first year of life. Dust samples (n = 22) were collected by vacuum cleaning the maternal mattress during early to mid-pregnancy. In these samples, the amount of the major HDM antigen (Der p 1) was assessed by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (detection limit 0.004 microg/g dust). Flow cytometry was used to determine cord blood lymphocyte subtypes and to quantify the intracellular amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 produced by cord blood CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, both spontaneously and after stimulation with phorbol-12-mirystate-13-acetate and ionomycin. Children were followed for 1 yr for the presence of symptoms associated with allergy. In addition, at the age of 1 yr specific IgE to different classical inhalant and food allergens was measured. Higher prenatal exposure to Der p 1 (>0.2 microg/g dust) was associated with a significant lower percentage of IFN-gamma producing stimulated CD4(+) T lymphocytes, compared with lower prenatal Der p 1 exposure (p = 0.03). The presence of AD during the first year of life (n = 9) was associated with an increased number of naive CD4(+) CD45RA(+) lymphocytes (p = 0.03), with an increased spontaneous IL-4 production by CD8(+) lymphocytes (p = 0.04) and with a decreased percentage of IFN-gamma producing stimulated CD4(+) lymphocytes (p = 0.04). Furthermore, exposure to HDM during pregnancy tended to be higher in mothers of children with AD during the first year of life when compared with those without AD (p = 0.08). This study shows that the level of prenatal exposure to Der p 1 influences the immune profile of cord blood T lymphocytes and the clinical outcome in early life. Therefore, the prenatal environment must be regarded as a possible early risk factors for allergic diseases in children.
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PMID:Prenatal exposure to house dust mite allergen (Der p 1), cord blood T cell phenotype and cytokine production and atopic dermatitis during the first year of life. 1530 39

The house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and D. pteronyssinus (Dpt) are commonly implicated as allergens causing canine atopic dermatitis in the UK. However, there are few studies that characterize the exposure of UK pet dogs to these mites. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of the mite species on the skin, hair coat and bedding of a population of pet dogs. Dust samples (n = 68) were collected from both dogs and their beds using a standardized vacuuming technique and stored at -20 degrees C. Mites were identified using accepted morphological criteria. House dust mite allergen concentrations were assayed using standardized ELISA for Dpt and Df group 1 allergens (Der p 1 and Der f 1). Mites were identified in 15/68 samples (22%) and Dpt was the most common. Df mites were not present. Der p 1 allergens were detected in 60% of samples, and Der f 1 in 6% of samples. There were no significant differences between the number of Der p 1 positive samples from dogs and the number of those from their bedding, or between the average Der p 1 concentrations from dogs and the number of those from their bedding. Contrary to studies elsewhere in Europe and the USA, these findings support studies of human asthma patients in the UK, where exposure to Df is rare, but to Dpt is common. As the prevalence of positive intradermal and serological reactions to Df in atopic dogs is high, further investigations are warranted to clarify true Df hypersensitivity or potential immunological cross-reactivity between mite allergens.
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PMID:Prevalence of house dust mites and dermatophagoides group 1 antigens collected from bedding, skin and hair coat of dogs in south-west England. 1572 3

Studies of indoor allergen exposures are often limited by the cost and logistics of sending technicians to homes to collect dust. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of having subjects collect their own dust samples. The objectives were to compare allergen concentrations between subject- and technician-collected samples and to examine the sample return rate. Using a dust collection device and written instructions provided to them by mail, 102 subjects collected a combined dust sample from a bed and bedroom floor. Later the same day, a technician collected a side-by-side sample. Dust samples were weighed and analyzed for the cat allergen Fel d 1 and the dust mite allergen Der p 1. Fifty additional subjects who were enrolled by telephone were mailed dust collection packages and asked to return a dust sample and questionnaire by mail. A technician did not visit their homes. Correlations between subject- and technician-collected samples were strong for concentrations of Fel d 1 (r = 0.88) and Der p 1 (r = 0.87). With allergen concentrations dichotomized at lower limits of detection and clinically relevant thresholds, agreements between methodologies ranged from 91 to 98%. Although dust weights were correlated (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), subjects collected lighter samples. Among the group of 50 subjects, 46 returned a dust sample and completed questionnaire. The median number of days to receive a sample was 15. With some limitations, subject-collected dust sampling appears to be a valid and practical option for epidemiologic and clinical studies that report allergen concentration as a measure of exposure.
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PMID:Feasibility of using subject-collected dust samples in epidemiologic and clinical studies of indoor allergens. 1592 86


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