Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.22.62 (caspase-9)
 7,507 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuroprotective effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on cell survival and death signals were investigated after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Immunoreactivities of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), cleaved caspase-9 (c-cas9), and -3 (c-cas3) increased after the reperfusion in the penumbra in vehicle group with peaks at 3 h, 8 h, and 1 day, respectively. Topical application of GDNF (6.8 micrograms/9 microliters) on brain surface potentiated and prolonged p-Akt activation, but suppressed activation of the caspases, and reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP-biotin in situ nick labeling (TUNEL) positive cells. These results suggest that GDNF plays a protective role against ischemic injury by controlling the balance between Akt pathway and caspase cascades.
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PMID:Protection against ischemic brain damage by GDNF affecting cell survival and death signals. 1273 32

We have previously demonstrated that fasting and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced apoptosis in rat intestinal mucosa. It is widely accepted that apoptosis is induced through two main pathways. This study aimed to compare apoptotic pathways following fasting and I/R. Rats were divided into two groups: the I/R group involved occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min, followed by 60-min reperfusion, whereas the fasting group involved fasting for 24 or 48 h. Intestinal apoptosis was assessed as percentage of fragmented DNA, by electrophoresis and by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUDP-biotin nick- end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Apoptotic proteins including death ligands/receptors and caspases were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Small intestinal mucosal height and mitochondrial dehydrogenase function were assessed. Fasting and I/R significantly induced intestinal apoptosis. Mucosal height was significantly decreased in fasting rats, and mitochondrial dysfunction was induced only by I/R. Expressions of Fas, Fas ligand, and TNF-alpha type 1 receptor were enhanced in fasting and I/R rats. After I/R, expressions of cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-9 were significantly increased. In contrast, expressions of cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3 increased in fasting rats. Fasting promoted mucosal apoptosis via a receptor-mediated type I apoptotic pathway in the rat small intestine, and I/R induced apoptosis via a mitochondria-mediated type II pathway.
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PMID:Apoptotic pathway in the rat small intestinal mucosa is different between fasting and ischemia-reperfusion. 1657 89