Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.22.62 (caspase-9)
 7,507 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A common feature of assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection is the IVC of oocytes or preimplantation embryos in artificial culture media. The IVC conditions are selected to mimic the environment of the female genital tract. We have shown that murine preimplantation embryos respond to different culture media with changes in developmental rates, cellular lineage composition, and gene expression patterns. In this study, we explored whether apoptosis is responsible for cell loss in mouse preimplantation embryos after exposure to different human culture media. We examined total embryonic cell count as well as the pattern of protein expression for caspase-9 (intrinsic pathway), caspase-8 (extrinsic pathway), and the executioner caspase-3 via immunohistochemical staining. Total cell counts decline in embryos cultured either in innovative sequential medium 1 and Blast Assist (Origio) or human tubal fluid and MultiBlast (Irvine Scientific) when compared to KSOM(aa). Few cells were caspase-9 and -3 positive in all experimental groups. Staining for caspase-8 was almost undetectable. We conclude that embryonic cell loss is not associated with higher rates of intrinsic apoptotic cell loss. Our results suggest that the culture medium-dependent decline in total cell count and the developmental restriction in embryos cultured in innovative sequential medium 1/Blast Assist and human tubal fluid/MultiBlast are related to processes affecting cell proliferation.
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PMID:Lower total cell numbers in mouse preimplantation embryos cultured in human assisted reproductive technique (ART) media are not induced by apoptosis. 2641 Aug 33

Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) causes severe mass mortality in Korean rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) populations. To date, immune defense mechanisms of rock bream against RBIV are unclear. While red blood cells (RBCs) are known to be involved in the immune response against viral infections, the participation of rock bream RBCs in the immune response against RBIV has not been studied yet. In this study, we examined induction of the immune response in rock bream RBCs after RBIV infection. Each fish was injected with RBIV, and virus copy number in RBCs gradually increased from 4 days post-infection (dpi), peaking at 10 dpi. A total of 318 proteins were significantly regulated in RBCs from RBIV-infected individuals, 183 proteins were upregulated and 135 proteins were downregulated. Differentially upregulated proteins included those involved in cellular amino acid metabolic processes, cellular detoxification, snRNP assembly, and the spliceosome. Remarkably, the MHC class I-related protein pathway was upregulated during RBIV infection. Simultaneously, the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, including caspase-6 (CASP6), caspase-9 (CASP9), Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), desmoplakin (DSP), and p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) changed with RBIV infection. Interestingly, the expression of genes within the ISG15 antiviral mechanism-related pathway, including filamin B (FLNB), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), nucleoporin 35 (NUP35), tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25), and karyopherin subunit alpha 3 (KPNA3) were downregulated in RBCs from RBIV-infected individuals. Overall, these findings contribute to the understanding of RBIV pathogenesis and host interaction.
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PMID:The Megalocytivirus RBIV Induces Apoptosis and MHC Class I Presentation in Rock Bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) Red Blood Cells. 3088 11