Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.22.61 (caspase-8)
 6,833 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To identify CAP3 and CAP4, components of the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) death-inducing signaling complex, we utilized nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, a recently developed technique to sequence femtomole quantities of polyacrylamide gel-separated proteins. Interestingly, CAP4 encodes a novel 55 kDa protein, designated FLICE, which has homology to both FADD and the ICE/CED-3 family of cysteine proteases. FLICE binds to the death effector domain of FADD and upon overexpression induces apoptosis that is blocked by the ICE family inhibitors, CrmA and z-VAD-fmk. CAP3 was identified as the FLICE prodomain which likely remains bound to the receptor after proteolytic activation. Taken together, this is unique biochemical evidence to link a death receptor physically to the proapoptotic proteases of the ICE/CED-3 family.
 ...
PMID:FLICE, a novel FADD-homologous ICE/CED-3-like protease, is recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) death--inducing signaling complex. 868 77

Cbl-associated protein (CAP) is an adaptor protein that plays important roles in both signal transduction and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Alternative splicing of the gene SORBS1 results in multiple isoforms of CAP protein. We report here the cloning of 3 new CAP isoforms, CAP2, CAP3, and CAP4, from mouse adipose tissue. RT-PCR analyses reveal that the isoform mRNAs are differentially expressed. CAP2, CAP3, and CAP4 contain a coiled-coil domain. In addition, CAP4 contains a proline-rich region, part of which exists in CAP3. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that CAP4 forms a homodimeric complex. While these new isoforms similarly interact with Cbl, they exhibit varied binding specificity toward vinculin. In contrast to CAP1 and CAP2, CAP4 does not interact with vinculin, and CAP3 binds with low affinity. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrates differential subcellular localization of Myc-tagged CAP isoforms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that these new isoforms of CAP might play different signaling roles.
 ...
PMID:Cloning and characterization of Cbl-associated protein splicing isoforms. 1276 36

Formation of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) death inducing signaling complex (DISC) plays a central role in CD95 signaling. Previously, CD95 DISC composition was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and four major cytotoxicity-associated proteins (CAP1-4) were found. CAP1 and CAP2 were defined to be unmodified and phosphorylated FADD, respectively. CAP4 was identified as procaspase-8a. CAP3, however, has remained elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that CAP3 is an intermediate of procaspase-8 processing. CAP3 is generated within seconds of DISC formation and subsequently processed to the prodomain of procaspase-8a that is known as p26 (CAP5). These findings lead to new insights into the mechanism of procaspase-8 processing and apoptosis initiation.
 ...
PMID:The role of CAP3 in CD95 signaling: new insights into the mechanism of procaspase-8 activation. 1617 41

This study was on the influence of the mineral phase crystallite microstrain (CM) on the nature of the surface complex (SC) governing the metastable equilibrium solubility (MES) behavior of carbonated apatites (CAPs) in aqueous acidic media (0.10 M acetate buffers, with and without fluoride, 0.50 M ionic strength maintained with NaCl). The MES behavior of a set of four CAPs (synthesized at 85 degrees C by a precipitation method) of increasing CM and therefore of increasing MES (CAP4 > CAP3 > CAP2 > CAP1) was quantified. The following were the findings. For CAP1 and CAP2, the SCs deduced were Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and Ca10(PO4)6F2 for the nonfluoride and the fluoride cases, respectively. For CAP3 and CAP4, the SCs deduced were Ca9.5(PO4)6OH or Ca9.5(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH)2 and NaCa9.5(PO4)6F2 for the nonfluoride and the fluoride cases, respectively. These results together with that from an earlier limited study show that the Ca/P ratio of the SC decreases from 1.67 to 1.58 to 1.50 with increasing CM of the CAPs; this relationship inversely correlates with the chemistry of maturation of aqueously precipitated defective apatites. Also the SCs do not appear to exist as a continuous series and only a few SCs may account for the MES behavior over a wide range of CAP preparations.
 ...
PMID:Influence of crystallite microstrain on surface complexes governing the metastable equilibrium solubility behavior of carbonated apatites. 1822 63

High molecular weight hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) was selected for development as a soluble polymer support for the targeted selection and release of primary-amine containing peptides from a complex mixture. HPG has been functionalized with ester-linked aldehyde groups that can bind primary-amine containing peptides via a reductive alkylation reaction. Once bound, the high molecular weight of the polymer facilitates separation from a complex peptide mixture by employing either a 30 kDa molecular weight cutoff membrane or precipitation in acetonitrile. Following the removal of unbound peptides and reagents, subsequent hydrolysis of the ester linker releases the bound peptide into solution for analysis by mass spectrometry. Released peptides retain the linker moiety and are therefore characteristically mass-shifted. Four water-soluble cleavable aldehyde polymers (CAP1, CAP2, CAP3, and CAP4) ranging in types of linker groups, length of the linker groups, have been prepared and characterized, each demonstrating the ability to selectively enrich and sequence primary-amine peptides from a complex human proteome containing blocked (dimethylated amine) and unblocked (primary amine) peptides. The polymers have very low nonspecific peptide-binding properties while possessing significantly more reactive groups per milligram of the support than commercially available resins. The polymers exhibit a range of reactivities and binding capacities that depend on the type of linker group between the aldehyde group and the polymer. Using various linker structures, we also probed the mechanism of the observed dehydration of hydrolyzed peptides during matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis.
 ...
PMID:Development of soluble ester-linked aldehyde polymers for proteomics. 2177 40