Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.22.56 (caspase-3)
 35,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glycyrrhetinic acid has been usually studied for their anti-tumor activities. However, the low bioavailability and poor aqueous solubility as well as limited intracellular accumulation have limited their utility. In this present study, a series of new glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates with a triphenylphosphonium cation (TTP+) moiety, meant to specifically target them to tumor cells mitochondria, have been designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 2f possessed excellent antitumor activities against the tested human cancer cells, and simultaneously exhibited better cell selectivity between cancer cells and normal cells than glycyrrhetinic acid and HCPT. Moreover, 2f significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and effectively inhibited cancer cells proliferation and migration. Mechanism studies revealed that 2f triggered apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway via the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.
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PMID:Mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium conjugated glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as potent anticancer drugs. 3062 10

Cancer cells usually adapt metabolic phenotypes to chemotherapeutics. A defensive strategy against this flexibility is to modulate signaling pathways relevant to cancer bioenergetics. A triphenylphosphonium-modified terpyridine platinum(II) complex (TTP) was designed to inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and multiple metabolisms of cancer cells. TTP exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against cisplatin-insensitive human ovarian cancer cells in a caspase-3-independent manner and showed preferential inhibition to mitochondrial TrxR. The morphology and function of mitochondria were severely damaged, and the levels of mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species were decreased. As a result, TTP exerted strong inhibition to both mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics, thus inducing cancer cells to enter a hypometabolic state.
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PMID:Restraining Cancer Cells by Dual Metabolic Inhibition with a Mitochondrion-Targeted Platinum(II) Complex. 3069 16