Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.22.32 (bromelain)
 1,025 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hydrazinolysis of porcine thyroglobulin glycopeptides and of pineapple stem bromelain [EC 3.4.22.4] permitted the isolation of almost intact carbohydrate chains of these glycoproteins. On the basis of permethylation analyses of the released oligosaccharides after reduction with NaBH4, the core structures of Unit A-type and Unit B-type carbohydrate chains of porcine thyroglobulin were deduced to be Manalpha1 leads to 6[Manalpha1 leads to 3]Manbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4[Ralpha1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn (Unit A-type, R=H; Unit B-type, R=Fuc), and that of bromelain was found to be Manalpha1 leads to 6[R'1 leads to 2]Manbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4[R1 leads to 3]GlcNAc leads to Asn (R'=Xylbeta and R=Fucalpha, or R'=Fucalpha and R=Xylbeta). From these results, it appears that the hydrazinolysis method is applicable to wide variety of glycoproteins which have an N-glycosylamine linkage between the carbohydrate and peptide moieties, regardless of the type of linkage to the most proximal N-acetylglucosamine residue which is bound to asparagine.
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PMID:Studies on the hydrazinolysis of glycoproteins. Core structures of oligosaccharides obtained from Porcine thyroglobulin and pineapple stem bromelain. 103 16

The repertoire of autoantibody-producing B cells was evaluated in a collection of spleen- and thymus-derived hybridomas from 6- and 28-day-old BALB/c mice, which were untreated or prenatally tolerized with trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS). MoAb were tested for their reactivity with TNP-BSA and the autoantigens thyroglobulin (TG), myoglobin (MG), actin (AC), cytochrome C (CY), collagen (CO), transferrin (TF), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and bromelain-treated mouse red blood cells (BrMRBC). More than 10% of spleen cell (SC)-derived MoAb from 6- and 28-day-old control mice did bind to AC, ssDNA, dsDNA, MY, and TG, the frequency of MoAb reacting with MY, TG, and BrMRBC increasing with age. Thymus cell (TC)-derived hybridomas contained autoreactive clones too, but only few of them produced multireactive MoAb. MoAb from prenatally TNBS-treated mice were more frequently autoreactive than MoAb from control mice, especially if derived from TC hybridomas. The most remarkable difference in the reactivity pattern as compared with MoAb from untreated mice consisted of a significant increase in the frequency of TG-, My-, ssDNA- and above all dsDNA-reactive MoAb, all TC-derived multireactive MoAb binding to dsDNA. The differences in autoreactivity between MoAb from prenatally untreated and TNBS-treated mice as well as age- and organ-related variations support the interpretation that part of the repertoire of naturally activated B cells is not random but is influenced by and responding to the available panel of self antigens.
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PMID:Autoreactive antibodies in thymus and spleen of neonatal and young adult BALB/c mice: influence of prenatal tolerization. 184 57

Our previous studies have demonstrated that injection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF) induces a marked increase mainly of IgG1 antibody-producing cells in autoimmune disease prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice but not in CBA mice. In the present study, the in vivo effect of RA-SF on autoantibody production was tested in different strains of mice. Injection of RA-SF induced the production of unorthodox autoantibodies (IgG1 rheumatoid factor, RF) in young (NZB x NZW)F1 mice as well as in their parental strains NZB and NZW, but not in normal mice (CBA) or in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, indicating that the response is not caused by a conventional immune response against RA-SF material. IgG1 RF production was rapidly induced and reached high levels already on day 7 and lasted for more than 90 days. The induction of IgG1 RF was not the result of polyclonal activation, since RA-SF did not stimulate the production of other antibodies, such as autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA, bromelain-treated mouse red blood cells, myosin, transferrin, cytochrome c, thyroglobulin or myoglobin or antibodies reactive with the hapten TNP. To elucidate the identity of the active substance in RA-SF, responsible for IgG1 RF production, bound and unbound material of RA-SF, eluted from a protein-G column was injected into (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Only the protein-G binding material was active, indicating that the effect is mediated by autoantibodies or immune complexes in the synovial fluid. Further studies demonstrated that identical concentrations of protein obtained from a pool of normal human IgG or SF from seronegative RA and non-RA arthritides patients did not contain the same activity.
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PMID:Protein-G binding material from synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients induces unorthodox autoantibodies (IgG1 rheumatoid factor) in NZB, NZW and (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. 812 37