Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.22.32 (bromelain)
 1,025 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The absorption of the proteolytic enzyme bromelain was investigated in adult rats. Bromelain was labelled radioactively with 125-Iodine and intraduodenally applied. During the observation time of 6 hours blood- and lymphsamples were collected and their radioactivity measured. By radiochromatography high molecular protein could be separated from low molecular protein fragments. By means of a rabbit-anti-bromelainserum bromelain could be identified in the agar-double diffusion technique. Results show that adult rats can absorb bromelain up to 40% in a high molecular form. This observation explains the increased proteolytic activity in serum after oral application as well as the clinical effect concerning the treatment of edema or hematoma.
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PMID:[Absorption of a proteolytic enzyme originating from plants out of the gastro-intestinal tract into blood and lymph of rats (author's transl)]. 10 80

Four different proteases were screened for their capability of selectively digesting murine monoclonal IgGl to obtain active F(ab)2. For the screening, a series of five different mouse monoclonal antibodies (IgGl, k) was used, recognizing different tumor-associated antigens and currently used for radioimmunoimaging studies. The enzymes (pepsin, bromelain, ficin and elastase) showed different fragmentation capability and the fragments obtained showed different stability and immunoreactivity. No digestion was noticed using elastase. Pepsin gave discontinuous results, in that its activity ranged from reduction of IgG to small inactive fragments to an inability to digest the immunoglobulin. Pepsin activity was strongly pH-dependent and immunoreactivity of the obtained fragments was not always conserved. Bromelain and, in particular, ficin gave excellent results. Digestion was always rapid and stable, all five MAbs were reduced to F(ab)2 in a comparable time range and with high yields. Moreover, ficin-obtained F(ab)2 showed a highly conserved immunoreactivity. Therefore, ficin was selected as the murine monoclonal IgGl digestion enzyme to obtain active bivalent antibody fragments. The digestion procedure gave a uniform result for all five different MAbs and was easily scaled up to produce hundreds of milligrams of F(ab)2.
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PMID:A new enzymatic method to obtain high-yield F(ab)2 suitable for clinical use from mouse IgGl. 201 Nov 30

Bromelain, a standardized complex of proteases from the pineapple plant, is absorbed unchanged from the intestine of animals at a rate of 40%; in animal experiments it was found to have primarily anti-edema, antiinflammatory, and coagulation-inhibiting effects. These effects are due to an enhancement of the serum fibrinolytic activity and inhibition of the fibrinogen synthesis, as well as a direct degradation of fibrin and fibrinogen. Bromelain lowers kininogen and bradykinin serum and tissue levels and has an influence on prostaglandin synthesis, thus acting antiinflammatory. In in vitro and in animal studies, experimentally induced tumours could be inhibited by bromelain. Although many studies do not give extensive statistical data, the effects of bromelain in animal studies seem to be dose-dependent. Further investigations have to be carried out.
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PMID:On the pharmacology of bromelain: an update with special regard to animal studies on dose-dependent effects. 220 73

In order to maximize staining, modifications of immunostaining methods have included proteolytic enzyme digestion of tissue. The authors performed a study of the effect of ficin in 110 paraffinized specimens, including tonsil, lymph nodes, benign vascular and nerve sheath tumors, and various carcinomas and sarcomas. This agent was compared with pepsin and bromelain, as alternative proteases. A panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was used, with and without previous digestion by ficin, pepsin, and bromelain. A score was assigned to each stain, based on the number and intensity of reactive cells. Ficin enhanced staining markedly in immunostains with antibodies to keratin and Factor VIII-related antigen (F8RAG). Conversely, it abolished staining for LN-2 (a lymphoid marker) and weakened reactivity for S-100 in nerve sheath tumors. Bromelain produced similar results, except that it enhanced S-100. Pepsin was comparatively less active than ficin and bromelain overall but did produce the greatest amplification of vimentin staining in sarcomas. Digestion with any of the three enzymes failed to influence reactivities of leukocyte common antigen, UCHL-1 (a lymphoid marker), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, and blood group isoantigens. These results may reflect a dissimilar recognition of peptide targets in some antigenic proteins, by ficin, bromelain, and pepsin. Hence, one enzymatic agent is unlikely to produce optimal staining for all determinants. With this proviso, however, ficin appeared to be the best general enhancer for antigens known to require vigorous digestion (e.g., keratin; F8RAG) for optimal reactivity in paraffin sections.
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PMID:The use of proteolysis with ficin, for immunostaining of paraffin sections. A study of lymphoid, mesenchymal, and epithelial determinants in human tissues. 245 44

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from pineapple plants, was investigated for its capacity to interfere with arachidonic acid metabolism, since prostaglandins and other eicosanoids are well-known to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Bromelain was tested for its ability to interfere with eicosanoids generation in vivo in two experimentally-induced inflammatory reactions in the rat. Also antiplatelet aggregation activity of bromelain was studied in ex vivo rat platelets. The results seem to indicate an interference of bromelain with arachidonic acid cascade, which, however, deserves further investigation to be better assessed.
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PMID:Possible involvement of eicosanoids in the pharmacological action of bromelain. 300 9

The effects of stem bromelain on the plasma kallikrein system, bradykinin levels and plasma exudation at the inflammatory site were examined in rats with a kaolin-induced inflammation of an air pouch. Bromelain (5, 7.5 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent decrease of bradykinin levels at the inflammatory site and a parallel decrease of the prekallikrein levels in sera. Plasma exudation was also reduced dose dependently. Bradykinin-degrading activity in sera was elevated after treatment with bromelain, although it was unchanged in the pouch fluid. These data indicate that bromelain inhibits plasma exudation through inhibiting the generation of bradykinin at the inflammatory site via depletion of the plasma kallikrein system.
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PMID:Effect of bromelain on kaolin-induced inflammation in rats. 304 53

Bromelain, a pineapple-derived plant product, added to C57Bl/6 mice laboratory chow decreased lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells implanted s.c. This antimetastatic potential was demonstrated by both the active and inactive bromelain with or without proteolytic, anticoagulant properties.
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PMID:Antimetastatic effect of bromelain with or without its proteolytic and anticoagulant activity. 318 10

Bromelain is a sulphydral protease, derived from the stem and fruit of pineapples. Semi-purified preparations of bromelain are used in the treatment of inflammation and oedema. There is however no unequivocal proof of the absorption of the enzyme after oral administration. In this study, 125I-bromelain was administered orally to rats and blood sampled at various times. The total radioactivity, the TCA precipitable 125I-compounds and the molecular weight profile of 125I-proteins in the plasma were determined. A maximum level, equivalent to 270 ng ml-1 bromelain was found at 1 h after administration. Approximately 40 per cent of the 125I in plasma could be precipitated by 10 per cent trichloroacetic acid. Electrophoretic analysis showed one major peak of radioactivity in the plasma samples, with a molecular weight of 26-32,000 daltons. This is identical to the main molecular weight fraction in the Bromelain mixture and corresponds to the molecular weight of the purified enzyme. In the 1 h plasma sample this peak contained 0.003 per cent of the administered dose per millilitre.
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PMID:Bioavailability of 125I bromelain after oral administration to rats. 320 59

Bromelains consist of a group of proteolytic enzymes of Bromeliaceae. They are commonly used in pharmaceutical industries, food production and in diagnostic laboratories. Bromelains are known to cause IgE-mediated reactions of both the immediate type and the 'late phase reaction of immediate type reaction' with predominantly respiratory symptoms. We report four cases of occupational allergy to bromelain in workers of a blood grouping laboratory. These observations prompted us to investigate the sensitization rate to bromelain in all workers of the particular diagnostic laboratory who had contact with bromelain. These results were compared with those obtained from healthy, randomly selected individuals without evident bromelain exposure. Our findings indicate that (i) bromelain is a strong sensitizer, (ii) sensitization usually occurs due to inhalation and not to ingestion, (iii) bromelain allergy is occupationally acquired, and adequate precautions are necessary. We can further state that (iv) skin testing with relatively pure allergens such as isolated proteases like bromelain may induce systemic reactions, even at very high dilutions.
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PMID:Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. 323 22

Bromelain is a plant proteinase derived from the stem of the pineapple plant that has been used successfully to debride the eschar from third-degree burn injuries. Its applicability to frostbite eschar removal was extrapolated and investigated. Third-degree frostbite lesions were produced on swine using supercooled air as the freezing media, and the resulting eschars were treated with a bromelain preparation. In the initial trial, no debridement other than that of the superficial layers of the eschar was noted. The experiment then was repeated with the introduction of third-degree burn injuries as a control to validate the efficacy of the enzyme preparation. Although the burn injuries debrided to a graftable bed after two applications of the enzyme, the frostbite injuries remained unaffected. It was concluded that the patent vasculature, resulting tissue edema, and lack of coagulation of proteins found in the freeze injury are sufficient to inactivate the bromelain enzyme before tissue digestion and dissection can be effected.
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PMID:Enzymatic frostbite eschar debridement by bromelain. 330 53


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