Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.9 (enterokinase)
 675 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Different hydrolases (cellobiase, enterokinase, lactase, leucine aminopeptidase, alcaline phosphatase and trehalase) of the brush border's enterocytes of the rat have been studied by electrofocusing. Every hydrolase is focused in a single peak, the pI of which is given.
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PMID:[Electrofocusing of hydrolases in rat brush border enterocytes]. 12 72

A genetically conditioned mouse model of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi) has been used to study the effect of the absence of lumenal proteases on small intestinal mucosal proteins. The small bowel was divided into eight equal segments. Enzyme activity was increased only in the first three segments in the case of maltase, sucrase, and lactase (all mol wt above 200,000). Alkaline phosphatase (mol wt 145,000), trehalase (mol wt 95,000), and peptidase (mol wt 175,000) activities were unaffected in proximal segments from epi mice. Proximal brush border proteins were identified and measured quantitatively by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Those enzymes with increased activity were associated with increased amounts of protein in epi mice. Double labeled studies of protein turnover revealed a longer half-life for large brush border proteins (mol wt above 175,000) in epi mice than in normal mice. Enterokinase activity (a marker for duodenal mucosa) was nearly absent from the duodenum of epi mice. Receptors for the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complex (markers for ileal mucosal) were present in the ileum equally in normal and in epi mice. Enterokinase activity can be induced in epi mice by feeding its substrate trypsinogen, but not by trypsin or chymotrypsinogen. Epi mice thus retain the ability to synthesize enterokinase. Pancreatic proteases play an important role in the turnover of certain large mucosal proteins and in the induction of enterokinase.
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PMID:Effect of exchange exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on small intestine in the mouse. 20 83

The postition of a number of human intestine brush border membrane enzyme activities in polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis has been determined. These activities are, in order from the origin, maltase/glucoamylase, lactase/phlorizin hydrolase, maltase/sucrase/isomaltase, enteropeptidase, trehalase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase. Leucylnaphthylamide hydrolyzing activity was inactivated by sodium dodecylsulfate and its position was not determined. The positions of the activities have been correlated with the positions of protein bands previously determined. One such band situated between enteropeptidase and alkaline phosphatase has not been identified.
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PMID:Enzymes of the human intestinal brush border membrane. Identification after gel electrophoretic separation. 23 25

With the rapid increase in knowledge on the genetic origin of diseases within the gastrointestinal tract the number of congenital diseases, which already manifest during childhood have drastically increased. Due to the large application of molecular genetics the number is steadily increasing. To make the access to these rare diseases fast and efficient the data base of the National Library of Medicine (Online Mendelian Inheritance of Man - OMIN) is a very helpful online tool, with which all these disease entities can be found easily (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim). Detailed tables are given to find most of the congenitally inherited disease, which affect the gastrointestinal tract. A variety of congenital diarrheas with disturbances of digestion, hydrolysis, absorption and secretion is described in detail: lactose intolerance, sucrose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, fructose malabsorption, trehalase and enterokinase deficiency, congenital chloride and sodium diarrhea, congenital hypomagnesaemia, primary bile acid malabsorption, acrodermatitis enteropathica and Menke's syndrome. Also described in detail are diseases with structural anomalies of the intestine like microvillous inclusion disease, congenital tufting enteropathy and IPEX syndrome. The diagnosis in the disturbances of carbohydrate hydrolysis or absorption can be established by H2-breath tests after appropriate sugar challenge. Treatment consists of elimination of the responsible sugar from the diet. The diagnosis of the congenital secretory diarrheas is established by investigation of electrolytes in blood and stool. Substitution of high doses of the responsible mineral can improve the clinical outcome. In acrodermatitis enteropathica low serum zinc level together with the typical skin lesions guide to the diagnosis. High doses of oral zinc aspartate can cure the symptoms of the disease. The diagnosis of structural congenital lesions of the intestine can be established by histology and/or electron microscopy and molecular identification of the responsible mutations. The treatment of these diseases is difficult and therefore the prognosis remains poor. Immunosupressive therapy, total parenteral nutrition and even intestinal or bone marrow transplantation are the only choice for treatment.
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PMID:Congenital diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. 2494 Aug 57