Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.73 (urokinase-type plasminogen activator)
 10,685 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activities are associated with endothelial cells and involve the production, secretion, and receptor mediated binding of proteins involved in these processes. The procoagulant aspect of endothelial cells function involves the production and release of von Willebrand Factor(vWF), the production of tissue factor, and the presence of Factor IX/IXa receptors on the cell surface. Secretion of vWf will promote the initial steps in thrombus formation by supporting platelet-platelet interaction and platelet-subendothelial matrix adhesion. Tissue factor which is undetectable in resting cells appears after exposure to various cytokines and initiates factor VIIa activation of factors IX and X. Receptors of Factor IX/IXa are also present and mediate the assembly of the prothrombinase complex on the endothelial cell surface. The anticoagulant pathway involves the cell surface protein thrombomodulin, protein C and its cofactor protein S. Thrombomodulin binds thrombin which activates protein C which in the presence of protein S cleaves and inactivates Factors V and VIII. Inactivation of these two coagulation cofactors halts the coagulation. Finally, endothelial cells also play a pivotal role in the fibrinolytic system. Production and regulated secretion of tissue plasminogen activator creates a profibrinolytic state in the endothelial cell environment. In addition, receptors for plasminogen and urokinase are also present, constituting a cell surface mediated fibrinolytic pathway. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type I, the primary inhibitor of tPA, is also produced by endothelial cells. Thus endothelial cells can promote and inhibit fibrinolysis, depending on the prevailing environmental conditions.
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PMID:[Endothelial cells and vascular hemostasis]. 131 12

In an attempt to advance and improve the characterization of the so-called diffuse follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (diffuse FVPTC) we studied a series of 59 thyroid carcinomas consecutively treated in a specialized center. The clinicopathologic and some of the immunohistochemical characteristics (uPA-R, Lewis X, Sialyl Lewis X, and MIB-1) of ten cases of FVPTC displaying a multinodular or diffuse pattern of growth, and histologic features similar to those previously described in diffuse FVPTC, were compared with those of common papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, 25 cases) and common FVPTC (8 cases). Cases of diffuse FVPTC differed significantly from common PTC and FVPTC in targeting younger patients and in exhibiting a prevalence of multicentricity, extrathyroid extension, nodal metastasis, and vascular invasion. Immunohistochemically, diffuse FVPTC cases were characterized by the overexpression of uPAR and sialyl Lewis X. No differences were observed regarding MIB 1 immunoreactivity. Regardless of the term used to designate the multicentric, invasive form of FVPTC (diffuse or multinodular FVPTC) it is crucial to acknowledge the existence of cases of FVPTC with a guarded prognosis that should be distinguished from the classic, uninodular form of FVPTC.
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PMID:Diffuse (or multinodular) follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of ten cases of an aggressive form of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 1195 24