Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.7 (plasmin)
 9,023 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recombinant human single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (suc-PA) (SM0: wild type) and its variants resistant to plasmin and/or thrombin (SM1: Lys135 to Gln; SM3: Phe157 to Asp; and SM4: Lys135 to Gln and Phe157 to Asp) have been constructed by site-directed mutagenesis with the aim of producing more efficient thrombolytic agents [Miyake, T. et al. (1988) J. Biochem. 104, 643-647]. In the present study, we characterized the recombinant variant scu-PAs expressed in Escherichia coli. They appeared to have structural integrity because their heat-stabilities, immunological reactivities, and circular dichroism spectra were essentially identical to those of each other and of native scu-PA (nscu-PA). In the presence of thrombin, SM3 and SM4 showed efficient clot lysis by all of the assays used, compared with SM0, SM1, and nscu-PA. While in the absence of thrombin, when measured by a fibrin plate method in a purified system, SM3 and SM4 had lower specific activities than SM0, SM1, and nscu-PA, because of their catalytic constants for conversion to the two-chain form (tcu-PA) by plasmin are lower. However, SM4 lysed clots as efficiently as SM0 in plasma by retaining the single-chain form, whereas SM0 was partly converted to the two-chain form.
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PMID:Characterization of thrombin- and plasmin-resistant mutants of recombinant human single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator. 214 58

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is an important complication of peritoneal dialysis therapy. The present study was performed to examine the mechanisms of PF in view of the plasminogen activator (PA)/plasmin/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cascade. PF was induced in tissue-type PA (tPA) deficient mice and wild-type mice by intraperitoneal injection of chlorhexidine gluconate. Mice were killed on day 21, and tissue samples were taken. Histopathological studies were performed. Plasmin activity, gelatinases activity, and the levels of tPA, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and MMP-2 mRNA were determined. Protein levels of MMP-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, -2, and -3, phospho-Smad3, membrane-type 1 (MT1)-MMP, and MT3-MMP were also studied. On day 21, tPA +/+ mice showed severe PF, whereas tPA -/- mice showed milder change. Submesothelial basement membranes were dissolved in tPA +/+ mice while they were relatively preserved in tPA -/- mice. The levels of macrophage infiltration, staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen type III, and vascular density were all significantly lower in tPA -/- mice than in tPA +/+ mice. The levels of plasmin activity, pro- and active MMP-2, mRNA expression of tPA and TGF-beta1, and phospho-Smad3 protein were also lower in tPA -/- mice. No difference was observed between the two groups concerning the protein levels of MMP-3, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, MT1-MMP, or MT3-MMP. These results indicate that the presence of tPA enhances inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in the peritoneum of the PF model mice. Activation of the PA/plasmin/MMP cascade may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PF.
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PMID:Tissue-type plasminogen activator deficiency attenuates peritoneal fibrosis in mice. 1993 46

Dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) is critical for proper dentin biomineralization because genetic defects in DSPP cause dentin dysplasia type II and dentinogenesis imperfecta types II and III. Dspp is processed by proteases into smaller subunits; the initial cleavage releases dentin phosphoprotein (Dpp). We incubated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptides containing the amino acid context of the Dpp cleavage site (YEFDGKSMQGDDPN, designated Dspp-FRET) or a mutant version of that context (YEFDGKSIEGDDPN, designated mutDspp-FRET) with BMP-1, MEP1A, MEP1B, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, MT3-MMP, Klk4, MMP-20, plasmin, or porcine Dpp and characterized the peptide cleavage products. Only BMP-1, MEP1A, and MEP1B cleaved Dspp-FRET at the G-D peptide bond that releases Dpp from Dspp in vivo. We isolated Dspp proteoglycan from dentin power and incubated it with the three enzymes that cleaved Dspp-FRET at the G-D bond. In each case, the released Dpp domain was isolated, and its N-terminus was characterized by Edman degradation. BMP-1 and MEP1A both cleaved native Dspp at the correct site to generate Dpp, making both these enzymes prime candidates for the protease that cleaves Dspp in vivo. MEP1B was able to degrade Dpp when the Dpp was at sufficiently high concentration to deplete free calcium ion concentration. Immunohistochemistry of developing porcine molars demonstrated that astacins are expressed by odontoblasts, a result that is consistent with RT-PCR analyses. We conclude that during odontogenesis, astacins in the predentin matrix cleave Dspp before the DDPN sequence at the N-terminus of Dpp to release Dpp from the parent Dspp protein.
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PMID:Astacin proteases cleave dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) to generate dentin phosphoprotein (Dpp). 2068 61