Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.7 (plasmin)
 9,023 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied plasminogen activator (PA) of the rat pituitary gland in organ and cell monolayer culture. Both anterior and intermediate lobes contain, synthesize and secrete a mixture consisting of the two known types of PA: urokinase and so-called tissue PA. Both enzymes were formed essentially by all PA secreting cells, and PA was identified specifically in mammotrophs, corticotrophs, and luteinizing hormone containing gonadotrophs. Pituitary PA production was modulated on exposure to a variety of biological effectors: anterior lobe PA secretion was stimulated by agents that raised intracellular cAMP concentration; his process depended on de novo enzyme synthesis. Enzyme production was repressed by androgens and glucocorticoids. When anterior lobe cultures were maintained in plasminogen-free media, the extracellular, secreted forms of ACTH consisted almost exclusively of the high molecular weight forms (31,000 and 23,000); the smaller forms (13,000 and 4,500) were also found in the extracellular medium of cultures supplemented with plasminogen. In contrast, the size distribution of intracellular ACTH species was unaffected by the presence of plasminogen. These results resemble those previously obtained with pancreatic islets and are consistent with the possibility that plasmin, generated by PA secretion, participates in prohormone processing. PA synthesis in intermediate lobe explants was stimulated by exposure to dibutyryl cAMP, and repressed by hydrocortisone. In accordance with the dopaminergic control of intermediate lobe function in some vertebrates, apomorphine strongly repressed PA synthesis in intermediate, but not anterior lobe cultures.
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PMID:Plasminogen activators of the pituitary gland: enzyme characterization and hormonal modulation. 631 39

Triethylene thiophosphoramide, an alkylating agent of value as a palliative in cases of neoplastic disease and reticulosis, has been effective in preventing vascularization of the cornea when used locally. Since recurrent pterygium, a persistent clinical problem, particularly in the Western states, is preceded by corneal vascularization and fibroplastic proliferation, it is possible that this drug when used topically may be useful in obviating to some extent the use of radiation, which must be used with great caution to avoid the production of cataract. In the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infection, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the drug colistin has been known to be effective in some cases which were not helped by other antibiotics, including polymixin B. In the field of virus infections, a major breakthrough may have come about by the discovery that 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IDU) attacks the herpes cirrus in the cornea as a metabolic antagonist. Animal experiments and some clinical studies have confirmed its effectiveness as compared with other therapeutic measures in selected cases. In the treatment of ocular problems resulting from systemic disease fibrinolysin (plasmin) has apparently caused dissolution of the clot and restoration of circulation in some cases of retinal artery occlusion. Severe diabetic retinopathy in younger diabetic patients has been shown to regress in certain cases treated by hypophysectomy or radiation of the pituitary gland employing the cyclotron. This gland is also associated intimately with the exophthalmos of thyroid origin, and its action may be aggravated by the use of ACTH or steroids.
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PMID:Recent developments in ocular therapeutics. 1399 13

Injection of ACTH or cortisone has no effect on the amount of fibrinolysin resulting from the activation of profibrinolysin by peptone. Antifibrinolytic activity of serum is significantly increased by ACTH or cortisone but not by desoxycorticosterone or corticosterone. No increase in anti-fibrinolytic power of serum is produced, however, by the injection of ACTH or cortisone in splenectomized guinea pigs. Splenin A has the same action on fibrinolysin inactivation as ACTH or cortisone. Splenin B has the opposite effect. This action on the antifibrinolytic power of serum appears to be due to an acceleration of the rate of combination between the enzyme and its inhibitor and not to an actual increase in antifibrinolysin. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.
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PMID:Studies on the fibrinolysin-antifibrinolysin system in serum. I. Action of the anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, and spleen. 1480 33

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of tracheal intubation on the coagulation and fibrinolytic system. It was performed on 20 patients (ASA class 1-2) undergoing elective surgery. Before and after tracheal intubation, hemodynamics, ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines, and several coagulation and fibrinolytic factors were measured. Tracheal intubation was accompanied by significant increases in the blood pressure, heart rate, and norepinephrine level. No changes were observed in fibrinopetide A, fibrinopeptide B(Beta15-42), tissue plasminogen activator antigen, plasminogen, fibrinogen, and Alpha(2) plasmin inhibitor. Patients exposed to long intubation time (>20 seconds) were found to have a significantly higher level of fibrinopeptide A than patients with short tracheal intubation time (</=20 seconds) ( P < 0.05). It therefore can be concluded that the increase in norepinephrine and changes in the hemodynamics following tracheal intubation have no impact on the coagulation and fibrinolytic activity. Also, if the duration of intubation is prolonged, thrombin activity may be promoted.
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PMID:Changes in coagulation and fibrinolytic activity associated with tracheal intubation. 1527 88