Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.7 (plasmin)
9,023 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathophysiology of peripheral circulatory disturbance in patients presenting with vibration syndrome was studied from the viewpoint of blood coagulation. Plasma levels of fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VN), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex (PIC) were measured in 23 subjects who showed no evidence of vibration-induced white finger [VWF(-) group] and in 24 patients who presented with VWF [VWF(+) group]. In the VWF(-) group, plasma FN concentrations were elevated but plasma TAT and PIC levels were within the normal ranges. In the VWF(+) group, plasma FN concentrations were normal but plasma TAT and PIC levels were significantly elevated. In both groups, plasma VN concentrations were similar to those in normal controls. For purposes of comparison, 32 patients presenting with diabetes mellitus were also studied. They were divided into 2 groups, 13 subjects who showed no evidence of angiopathy [complication(-) group] and 19 patients who presented with angiopathy [complication(+) group]. In the complication(+) group, plasma TAT and PIC concentrations were significantly elevated, as in the VWF(+) group. These results suggest that in vibration syndrome, vibration, cold stimulus, or other factors first injure the vascular endothelium, resulting in a rise in plasma FN, and that in the VWF(+) group, augmentation of coagulation and fibrinolysis induces a state of compensated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
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PMID:Activation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in vibration syndrome. 172 Jul 65

A plasma kallikrein inhibitor in guinea pig plasma (KIP) was purified to homogeneity. KIP is a single chain protein and the apparent molecular weight is estimated to be 59,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In amino acid composition, KIP is similar to human and mouse alpha 1-proteinase inhibitors and mouse contrapsin. KIP forms an equimolar complex with plasma kallikrein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The association rate constants for the inhibition of guinea pig plasma kallikrein by KIP, alpha 2-macroglobulin, C1-inactivator and antithrombin III were 2.5 +/- 0.3.10(4), 2.4 +/- 0.4.10(4), 6.6 +/- 0.5.10(4) and 9.1 +/- 0.6.10(2), respectively. Comparison of the association rate constants and the normal plasma concentrations of the four inhibitors demonstrates that KIP is ten-times as effective as alpha 2-MG and other two inhibitors are marginally effective in the inhibition of kallikrein. KIP inhibits trypsin and elastase rapidly, and thrombin and plasmin slowly, but is inactive for chymotrypsin and gland kallikrein. These results suggest that KIP is the major kallikrein inhibitor in guinea pig plasma and the proteinase inhibitory spectrum is unique to KIP in spite of the molecular similarity to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor.
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PMID:The major plasma kallikrein inhibitor of guinea pig plasma. 173 48

The hemostatic effect of nafamostat mesilate (FUT-175) was evaluated in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Thirty patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting were divided into two groups. In the control group, anticoagulation was achieved with an initial dose of heparin (3 mg/kg). In the FUT-175-treated group, in addition to the ordinary treatment with heparin, FUT-175 was infused continuously into the circuit throughout the procedure at a rate of 100 mg/hr. Thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), and fibrin degradation products (FDP-D) dimer increased in both groups as CPB proceeded. In the FUT-175-treated group, these parameters remained lower and decreased more rapidly after the end of CPB. Alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor/plasmin complex (PIC) increased progressively during CPB in the control group; no such significant increases were seen in the FUT-175-treated group. Postoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the FUT-175-treated group than in the control group. It was concluded that FUT-175 reduces postoperative blood loss by inhibiting both coagulation and fibrinolysis during CPB.
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PMID:Nafamostat mesilate administration during cardiopulmonary bypass decreases postoperative bleeding after cardiac surgery. 175 Nov 6

We investigated changes in the concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) after the intravenous administration of 4000 units of antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate to patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), subacute hepatitis (SH), or liver cirrhosis (LC). FHF patients showed shortening of the initial half-life of exogenous AT III. In addition, a marked rise in plasma TAT was noted 3 to 6 h after the intravenous administration of AT III, even in patients who had a normal plasma TAT level before AT III therapy. In contrast, SH and LC patients showed no marked changes of plasma TAT levels after AT III administration. No marked changes were observed in the PIC concentration in any of the patients. These findings suggest that thrombin formation is increased in FHF and that simple measurement of the plasma TAT concentration is not an adequate method for assessing thrombin formation in FHF patients who have suspected disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with an apparent decrease in AT III synthesis. Instead, it seems necessary to measure the plasma TAT concentration in FHF patients after replacement therapy with AT III concentrate has been performed, to evaluate their hypercoagulability more accurately.
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PMID:Importance of measuring plasma thrombin-antithrombin III complex levels when using antithrombin III concentrate therapy in fulminant hepatic failure. 175 55

We studied the relationship between vascular complications and coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in 75 subjects with collagen diseases. Thirty normal healthy persons served as controls. We found that patients with collagen diseases were in a state of a hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis. In SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) in particular, coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters appeared to be indices of vascular complications. Increases in the levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin (PIP) were particularly associated with proteinuria, while increases in fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels were associated with Raynaud's phenomenon. Administration of glucocorticoid seemed to improve the hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinolytic states of patients with collagen diseases. Analysis of the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor (vWF) revealed a tendency for large and intermediate multimers (LIM) of plasma vWF to increase in SLE patients with accompanying vascular complications, whereas such increases were not observed in SLE patients without any vascular complications. Therefore, analysis of the multimeric structure of vWF appeared to be a useful indicator of vascular complications in collagen diseases.
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PMID:Plasma coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in patients with collagen diseases, and analysis of the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor (vWF). 175 53

Eighteen patients with chronic renal failure due to primary glomerular disease undergoing conservative treatment (CRF patients) were studied to evaluate whether coagulation and fibrinolytic activity in plasma are enhanced in the patients. We measured plasma levels of coagulation-fibrinolysis parameters including thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) (an index of thrombin formation), alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2 PI)-plasmin complex (alpha 2 PIC) (an indicator of plasmin production) and cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XL-FDP) (an index of fibrinolysis secondary to coagulation). There was no correlation between plasma levels of TAT, alpha 2PIC and XL-FDP and serum creatinine levels in CRF patients. Both fibrinogen and TAT were found to be significantly higher in CRF patients than in normal controls. TAT was negatively correlated with serum albumin or total protein. Antithrombin III (ATIII) activity was significantly lower in CRF patients than in normal controls. CRF patients showed significantly but slightly higher alpha 2 PIC and XL-FDP when compared to normal controls. These results suggest that TAT, alpha 2PIC and XL-FDP are good indicators of coagulation-fibrinolysis even in patients with decreased renal function. Coagulation activity is significantly increased in CRF patients but fibrinolysis secondary to coagulation is only slightly enhanced.
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PMID:Coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing conservative treatment. 177 41

In order to evaluate precisely the fibrinolytic states in clinical disorders, plasma levels of D dimer (cross-linked fibrin degradation products) were measured by a newly developed, rapid quantitative method based on the latex photometric immunoassay in patients with hematological malignancies, diabetes mellitus, collagen disease, liver disease, thrombotic disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Plasma levels of D dimer were elevated in a variety of diseases, especially in DIC. Patients with hematological malignancies, liver disease and thrombotic disease also had relatively high levels of D dimer. On the whole, D dimer values were positively correlated with plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex and thrombin-antithrombin III complex. In addition, plasma D dimer was measured during fibrinolytic therapy with urokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator; its elevation was detected in some patients. These findings indicate that accelerated fibrinolysis is frequently observed in a variety of diseases, and that a rapid quantitative measurement of D dimer would be valuable for the precise assessment of fibrinolysis in these disease states.
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PMID:[Evaluation of clinical usefulness of a rapid quantitative measurement of D dimer (cross-linked fibrin degradation products)]. 177 52

The hypercoagulable state in patients with toxemia of pregnancy was investigated in comparison with normal pregnant women using new coagulation parameters, mainly thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes, alpha 2-antiplasmin-plasmin complexes (PIP), and D-dimer FDP. When the patients were categorized by the classification of the WHO Study Group (1985), significant increases of TAT complexes and alpha 2-PIP complexes with decreases of the ATIII level were observed in the groups with preeclampsia and severe gestational hypertensive disease as compared to normal pregnant women. A significant increase of D-dimer FDP was observed in a group with severe gestational hypertensive disease. Additionally, the relationship between clinical signs and the hypercoagulable state in the patients was analyzed using canonical correlation analysis as a multivariate analysis. The clinical signs and coagulation parameters had a significantly high correlation of lambda 1 = 0.7219, p less than 0.01. The results showed that clinical signs were associated with simultaneous coagulation abnormalities. The indices obtained from the results of canonical correlation analysis, which were called the clinical index and the coagulation index, should be useful in evaluating the efficacy of anticoagulation therapy.
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PMID:The relationship between clinical signs and hypercoagulable state in toxemia of pregnancy. 182 53

To elucidate the etiology of the thrombogenic effects of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of breast cancer, hematologic parameters were sequentially assessed in 12 patients receiving MPA 800 mg p.o. daily for 6 months as adjuvant hormone therapy after mastectomy. The results were as follows. (1) Coagulation system: levels of factor VII and fibrinogen decreased significantly, whereas factors II and IX increased significantly, with a shortened activated partial thromboplastin time. (2) Fibrinolytic system: plasminogen and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex increased, whereas fibrinogen degradation products remained low. (3) Anticoagulation system: antithrombin III increased significantly. (4) These changes were most marked after 2 or 4 weeks of MPA treatment, and returned to the pretreatment level one month after discontinuation of treatment. (5) No patients in this study developed thromboembolic disease during or after MPA administration. These results indicate that MPA may induce a hypercoagulable state, but this state does not directly lead to the development of thrombosis.
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PMID:Changes in hematologic parameters during treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate for breast cancer. 182 63

Eighty six plasma samples from 41 patients with suspected disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were divided into 3 groups as follows: Group A, 53 samples from established DIC; Group B, 19 samples from possible DIC; and Group C, 14 samples from probable DIC. The following parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis were evaluated: thrombin/antithrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin/alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), D-dimer (D-D) and fibrin monomer (FM). In Group A, TAT and PIC were significantly elevated, being 29.5 +/- 20.7 micrograms/l and 7.2 +/- 6.1 mg/l respectively, suggesting marked hypercoagulability and accelerated fibrinolysis. There were no correlations between antithrombin III (ATIII) and TAT, between alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI) and PIC, or between TAT and PIC, showing the clinical diversity of patients with DIC. In all groups abnormal TAT, PIC and D-D findings were observed in many samples (86-100%), and FM was present in 83%, 63%, and 29% of samples in Groups A, B, and C respectively. In Groups B and C, abnormal findings for TAT, PIC, D-D, FM and alpha 2PI apparently indicated hypercoagulability and accelerated fibrinolysis, even though fibrinogen and platelet count were within normal limits.
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PMID:[Coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. 182 42


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