Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.7 (plasmin)
9,023 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We determined during the acute stage of myocardial infarction selected fibrinolysis variables (tissue-type plasminogen activator, intrinsic plasminogen activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibition, C1-inactivator) and related the observed changes to changes in two acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen). Acute myocardial injury induce significant increases in blood of tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibition (day one, p less than 0.05), C-reactive protein (day three, p less than 0.01), fibrinogen (day six, p less than 0.01), and C1-inactivator (day eight, p less than 0.01). Tissue-type plasminogen activator activity measured as C1-inactivator resistant fibrinolytic activity showed a minimum day two after the acute attack (p less than 0.01), whereas plasminogen activator activities arising from the intrinsic system of fibrinolysis remained constant. The observed changes did not parallel the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis indicated by a positive Tc-plasmin test (41% of the patients).
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PMID:Depression of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and rise of t-PA inhibition and acute phase reactants in blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). 244 88

In a prospective randomized controlled trial treatment with a combination of dextran 70 and dihydroergotamine (DHE) was compared with the administration of dextran 70 alone as prophylaxis against postoperative thrombo-embolic complications in emergency hip surgery. Forty-five consecutive patients with a fractured hip entered the study. Twenty-one were randomized to prophylactic treatment with dextran 70 (group 1) and twenty-four patients received dextran 70 and DHE (group 2). Both regimens were initiated pre-operatively and the surgical and postoperative procedures were the same in the two groups. On the first and fourth postoperative day, Tc-plasmin scintigraphy of the lower extremities and pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy were performed to detect any deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary emboli. A total of 19 per cent of group 1 patients developed DVT and so did 25 per cent in group 2; this difference was not statistically significant. Of the detected DVT, 60 per cent were subclinical, and 7 per cent of the patients had minor pulmonary emboli, all of which were symptomless. No therapeutic difference could be demonstrated between the two regimens. A recent report claiming that adding DHE to the prophylactic administration of dextran 70 considerably reduces the incidence of postoperative DVT in emergency hip surgery is questioned.
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PMID:Dihydroergotamine and the thromboprophylactic effect of dextran 70 in emergency hip surgery. 245 68

Three hundred and ninety four consecutive out-patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were investigated with the 99mTc-plasmin test and physical examination and 307 of them with phlebography. Fresh thrombi were present in 124 patients and the plasmin test was pathological in 118 of these (sensitivity 95%). The thrombi that were missed were all located below the knee and measured less than 10 cm on the phlebographic films. The predictive values of negative and positive tests were 91% and 49%, respectively. The predictive value of a positive test was higher with an increasing number of measuring points with a pathological uptake. To get the final result, a single series of measurements 5 min after injection was sufficient. If clinical signs of inflammation were present. the plasmin test was usually pathological. Median time for the plasmin test to become normal during anticoagulant therapy was 14 days for calf DVT and 6 months for proximal DVT. The plasmin test was found to be useful as a screening test in patients without extensive signs of inflammation in the legs. It has a high sensitivity even in patients with long-standing symptoms.
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PMID:99mTc plasmin in 394 consecutive patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis. 253 91

Fifty-five patients undergoing total hip replacement using epidural analgesia were allocated to the combination of low dose heparin and dihydroergotamine (5.000 IU heparin and 0.5 mg dihydroergotamine given subcutaneously every twelve hours) (n = 27) or to placebo (n = 28). All patients wore thigh-length graded compression stockings. The patients were screened for deep venous thrombosis by means of the 99mTc-plasmin test and the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis was confirmed by ascending phlebography. Three patients in each group developed unilateral deep-venous thrombosis. One patient in each group developed non-fatal pulmonary embolism.
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PMID:Prevention of deep venous thrombosis following total hip replacement, using epidural analgesia. 280 Oct 64

Plasma D-dimer was measured and compared with serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product levels (FDPs) in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and other conditions associated with a hypercoagulable state. D-dimer (N less than 200 ng/ml) was elevated in all 43 patients with DIC, in 48 of 59 patients with liver disease, in 22 of 27 patients with acute leukaemia at presentation, in 17 of 23 patients with malignant disease, in 29 of 39 women in the third trimester of a complicated pregnancy, in 17 of 18 patients with deep venous thrombosis and in only four of 27 patients with acute myocardial infarction. There was a significant correlation between plasma D-dimer and serum FDP levels (P less than 0.01) as follows; DIC: r = 0.58, liver disease: r = 0.57, acute leukaemia: r = 0.84, malignancy: r = 0.87. The frequent elevation of D-dimer observed in liver disease, acute leukaemia, malignancy and complicated pregnancy indicates that a hypercoagulable state is a common occurrence in these conditions although in liver disease elevated levels resulting from a failure of normal clearance mechanisms cannot be excluded. The close relationship between D-dimer and FDP levels suggests that serum FDPs predominantly arise from the interaction of plasmin with crosslinked fibrin rather than with fibrinogen in the conditions in which these were compared.
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PMID:Plasma D-dimer levels and their relationship to serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products in hypercoagulable states. 291 30

Between October 1982 and July 1984 systemic thrombolysis was carried out in 10 patients (5 males and 5 females aged 19 to 66 years) with massive pulmonary embolism (PE). Mean thrombolytic treatment duration was 77 hours. The main fibrinolytic agent used (9 cases) was streptokinase. Sequential treatment with streptokinase and urokinase was given to 2 patients and urokinase alone to one. 5 patients received porcine plasmin additionally, and one patient BRL 26921 (streptokinase-plasminogen complex) and human plasminogen. Pulmonary arterial pressures were recorded serially. Pulmonary angiograms were obtained before, occasionally during and after thrombolysis. Pulmonary arterial pressures (systolic: p less than 0.01, diastolic: p less than 0.05, mean: p less than 0.01, paired t-test, two tailed) and pulmonary angiograms (p less than 0.001, paired t-test, two tailed) all showed significant improvement. Thrombolytic treatment had to be discontinued in two patients due to side effects. Patients with the most recent PE showed the best response. Patients with recurrent PE and preexisting pulmonary hypertension showed no improvement. In PE without deep vein thrombosis (DVT), treatment duration of up to three days seems to be appropriate. In PE with concomitant DVT the treatment should be prolonged to achieve complete lysis of thrombi.
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PMID:[Fibrinolysis therapy in massive lung embolism. Experiences in 10 patients 1982-1984]. 293

Criteria for the interpretation of 99Tcm-plasmin test results were systematically investigated in 353 patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Scintillation detector measurements were made at 12 points on each leg after intravenous injection of 99Tcm-porcine plasmin. Phlebography was used as a reference method. The criteria were chosen to obtain the highest possible sensitivity (98 to 100%). On this assumption, the specificity reached 66 to 69%, when using the two most efficient criteria. These criteria involved a comparison between count rates at three adjacent points of the leg suspected of having DVT, and count rates at the three corresponding points of the other leg. Comparison between measurements performed at 5 and 30 min after the injection showed a higher sensitivity of the test at the 30 min measurement. The specificity decreased when the results from both 5 and 30 min measurements were combined. Further increase in specificity could only be achieved at the cost of decreased sensitivity. The suggested criteria seem to be the most efficient for this kind of radionuclide test and improved test-efficiency has to await more thrombus-specific radiopharmaceuticals.
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PMID:Criteria for detection of deep venous thrombosis by 99Tcm-plasmin test. 294 41

A new abnormal plasminogen, Frankfurt I, has been identified in the plasma of a 42 year-old male patient who has recurrent deep vein thrombosis. Clinical laboratory data showed normal hemostasis test results. Since plasma plasmin generation rates gave low values, the fibrinolytic system was analyzed for a possible fibrinolytic system defect. Functional and antigen plasminogen concentrations both in the plasma and with the isolated, purified plasminogen showed that only 49% of the antigen concentration had potential functional active sites. Also, a reduced antigen concentration was found in both the propositus, and his mother (46% active sites). Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified Frankfurt I plasminogen showed a normal native Glu-plasminogen band. Crossed-immunoelectrophoresis revealed a peak with normal size and shape, but displaced with respect to normal Glu-plasminogen toward the anode, i.e., was, as a whole, more negatively charged. Isoelectric focusing followed by zymography on a agarose-fibrin plate proved this observation, but did not indicate a separation of the normal from the abnormal plasminogen molecular species, also, fewer bands were found in the abnormal plasminogen isozyme pattern. Kinetic studies of Frankfurt I Glu-plasminogen and plasmin led to the conclusion that most of the functional abnormality is related to absence of active sites in half of the molecules. The plasmin generated was very unstable in the absence of stabilizing ligands and/or substrates. After reduction, the plasmin was completely converted to the typical two plasmin chains, A and B.
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PMID:Investigation of a congenital abnormal plasminogen, Frankfurt I, and its relationship to thrombosis. 294 41

Fourteen patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and a positive 99mTc-plasmin test were followed up to determine how soon a negative test was obtained. Localization and extension of the thrombi were determined by phlebography. Plasminogen activator activity in vein walls and local fibrinolytic activity after venous occlusion were measured in order to find out what the prerequisites for impaired thrombolysis are. The time required to obtain a negative 99mTc-plasmin test showed considerable variation, ranging from less than 1 week to more than 6 months. The 99mTc-plasmin test had returned to normal in 64% of the patients after 6 months. No relationship was found between vessel wall fibrinolysis and time to normalization. Instead, we found an association between the time to normalization of the 99mTc-plasmin test and the size of the thrombus, according to phlebography, as well as between the time to normalization of the 99mTc-plasmin test and the extension of leg points with a positive 99mTc-plasmin test at admission. The finding of abnormal 99mTc-plasmin test results more than 6 months after acute DVT is of practical importance and warrants caution when evaluating patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of acute recurrent DVT.
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PMID:Return to normal of 99mTc-plasmin test after deep venous thrombosis and its relationship to vessel wall fibrinolysis. 294 23

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) detectable by the 99mTechnetium-labeled plasmin test developed in 13 (37%) of 35 sequentially studied patients, all above 40 years, undergoing elective major abdominal surgery. Ten of the 13 patients with DVT had an abnormal pulmonary perfusion scintigram, suggesting pulmonary embolism (PE), but only three had clinical evidence of thrombotic disease.
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PMID:Distinction by radioisotope technique of a subgroup with increased thrombophilic potential among patients submitted to major abdominal surgery. 295 36


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