Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.69 (APC)
 16,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this investigation was to study the clinical performance of a new system with a proposed expanding liner for composite restorations introduced in the late 1980s. The present study reports on baseline data and the result after 3 years. One hundred and four class-II cavities in 95 patients were alternatively restored by Superlux Molar and the reference material P-50 APC by 12 general practitioners in 3 public dental health clinics. After 3 years 82 restorations (79%) were available for examination. The restorations were evaluated on the basis of USPHS criteria after 1 week and again after 3 years. Stone casts were used to quantitatively categorize wear in accordance with the Leinfelder method. Color slides and bitewings were taken to supplement the clinical evaluation of color match and marginal adaptation, respectively, and secondary caries. The failure rate (USPHS rating, Charlie) was four restorations of Superlux Molar and seven of P-50 APC. The average wear after 3 years of Superlux Molar was 131 microm and of P-50 APC, 128 microm. There were no statistically significant differences between the two materials with regard to, for example, handling characteristics, anatomic form, color match, marginal discoloration, or failures. A significantly higher wear rate was found after 3 years in patients with a high level of salivary lactobacilli (> 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL at base line) compared with those with lower levels. This suggests that an acidic environment might enhance the wear rate.
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PMID:A 3-year clinical evaluation of two composite resins in class-II cavities. 966 56

We have identified YkbA from Bacillus subtilis as a novel member of the L-amino acid transporter (LAT) family of amino acid transporters. The protein is approximately 30% identical in amino acid sequence to the light subunits of human heteromeric amino acid transporters. Purified His-tagged YkbA from Escherichia coli membranes reconstituted in proteoliposomes exhibited sodium-independent, obligatory exchange activity for L-serine and L-threonine and also for aromatic amino acids, albeit with less activity. Thus, we propose that YkbA be renamed SteT (Ser/Thr exchanger transporter). Kinetic analysis supports a sequential mechanism of exchange for SteT. Freeze-fracture analysis of purified, functionally active SteT in proteoliposomes, together with blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy of detergent-solubilized purified SteT, suggest that the transporter exists in a monomeric form. Freeze-fracture analysis showed spherical particles with a diameter of 7.4 nm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed elliptical particles (diameters 6 x 7 nm) with a distinct central depression. To our knowledge, this is the first functional characterization of a prokaryotic member of the LAT family and the first structural data on an APC (amino acids, polyamines, and choline for organocations) transporter. SteT represents an excellent model to study the molecular architecture of the light subunits of heteromeric amino acid transporters and other APC transporters.
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PMID:Functional and structural characterization of the first prokaryotic member of the L-amino acid transporter (LAT) family: a model for APC transporters. 1734 20

Disruption of neuronal morphology contributes to the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that postnatal deletion of Cdh1, a cofactor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase in neurons [Cdh1 conditional knockout (cKO)], disrupts dendrite arborization and causes dendritic spine and synapse loss in the cortex and hippocampus, concomitant with memory impairment and neurodegeneration, in adult mice. We found that the dendrite destabilizer Rho protein kinase 2 (Rock2), which accumulates in the brain of AD patients, is an APC/CCdh1 substrate in vivo and that Rock2 protein and activity increased in the cortex and hippocampus of Cdh1 cKO mice. In these animals, inhibition of Rock activity, using the clinically approved drug fasudil, prevented dendritic network disorganization, memory loss, and neurodegeneration. Thus, APC/CCdh1-mediated degradation of Rock2 maintains the dendritic network, memory formation, and neuronal survival, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of aberrantly accumulated Rock2 may be a suitable therapeutic strategy against neurodegeneration.
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PMID:APC/CCdh1-Rock2 pathway controls dendritic integrity and memory. 2839 2