Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.68 (tissue plasminogen activator)
 11,311 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vein graft failure remains a major challenge for the vascular surgeon. Thrombolysis of occluded vein grafts has shown promising short-term results in restoring vein graft patency, however, the long-term results are not established. This study examines the long-term patency and limb salvage after successful thrombolysis and revision of 22 thrombosed vein grafts in 21 patients. There were 17 men and four women with an average age of 60 years (38 to 77 years). Failed vein grafts had an average primary patency of 19 months (1 to 84 months) and included eight in situ grafts and 14 non-in situ grafts. Twelve grafts were to the popliteal level, whereas 10 were infrapopliteal. Thrombolytic agents used included urokinase (15), tissue plasminogen activator (5), and streptokinase (2). After successful thrombolysis, 19 grafts underwent 26 additional procedures including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (9), vein patch angioplasty (4), vein interposition or jump extension graft (9), or other procedures (4). Three patients had no additional procedure, but one was placed on sodium warfarin (Coumadin). After successful initial vein graft salvage, life-table analysis revealed a 36.6% +/- 11.9% patency at 1 year and a 22.9% +/- 11.6% patency at 3 years. After secondary failure six patients had further interventions contributing to an improved limb salvage of 66.9% +/- 11.6% at 1 year and 60.3% +/- 19.0% at 3 years. The results suggest that thrombosed vein grafts initially salvaged with thrombolysis and revision do not have a favorable long-term patency, and that a premium must be placed on the detection of the failing vein graft before thrombosis.
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PMID:Observations on the use of thrombolytic agents for thrombotic occlusion of infrainguinal vein grafts. 229 48

Heparin (Lipo-Hepin, Liquaemin Sodium) and warfarin sodium (Coumadin, Panwarfin) are the classic anticoagulants in use for venous thromboembolic disease. They work by modifying the coagulation mechanism, heparin having an immediate effect and warfarin having a more delayed effect. The most common adverse effects of anticoagulation therapy are hemorrhagic complications. Thrombolytic therapy should be considered in all patients with massive pulmonary embolism with hypotension and in patients with deep venous thrombosis in the popliteal area or higher. Such therapy has been shown to help preserve the pulmonary microcirculation after pulmonary embolism and to decrease the incidence of the postthrombotic syndrome following deep venous thrombosis. If certain clinical guidelines are followed rigidly, the incidence of significant bleeding complications is low. Although the use of tissue plasminogen activator in venoocclusive disease has been limited to isolated cases, results have been very promising.
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PMID:Treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. A pragmatic approach to anticoagulation and thrombolysis. 370 54

An 89-year-old woman came with symptoms of progressively worsening dyspnoea at rest over the preceding week. She was normotensive, had elevated jugular venous pressure and clear lungs. ECG revealed atrial fibrillation with the rapid ventricular rate. Labs were significant for markedly elevated pro-brain natriuretic peptide of 43,000 pg/mL and troponin-T of 1 ng/mL. An urgent 2D echocardiogram was obtained, which revealed the severely dilated right atrium and a large linear mobile mass in the right atrium consistent with a thrombus. An emergent CT scan revealed multiple bilateral pulmonary emboli. She received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Repeat echocardiogram performed 6 h later showed no evidence of the right atrial thrombus. She was subsequently maintained on intravenous heparin and transitioned to Coumadin. Early recognition of this rare but potentially fatal complication is important as prompt treatment measures can help in preventing life-threatening complications of the right atrial thrombus.
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PMID:Successful treatment of mobile right atrial thrombus and acute pulmonary embolism with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. 2389 24