Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.64 (proteinase K)
 4,071 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Donor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) single strands exist in a complex during the eclipse phase in pneumococcal transformation. This eclipse complex exhibited specific physical properties distinct from those of both pure DNA single strands and native DNA. These included a lower affinity for diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and hydroxylapatite than that of single-strand DNA, faster sedimentation than the DNA chains that it contains, and a buoyant density in Cs2SO4 lower than that of native DNA. The complex was dissociated by treatments with sodium dodecyl sulfate, NaOH, guanidine-hydrochloride, chloroform, and proteinase K but was insensitive to ribonuclease.
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PMID:Transformation in pneumococcus: existence and properties of a complex involving donor deoxyribonucleate single strands in eclipse. 2 Nov 66

Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) produced by porcine strains of enterotoxigenic (ENT+) Escherichia coli has been purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential ultrafiltration, acetone fractionation, preparative gel electrophoresis, diethylaminoethyl Bio-Gel A ion-exchange chromatography, and Bio-Gel P-10 gel filtration. The enterotoxin, purified more than 1,500-fold, exhibited a molecular weight of 4,400, as determined by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. A molecular weight of 5,100, representing 47 residues, was calculated from amino acid analysis data. The amino acid content was distinctive, with an unusually high proportion of cystines and few hydrophobic amino acids. A single amino-terminal residue, glycine, was observed. Purified ST was stable to heating (100 degrees C, 30 min) and did not lose biological activity after treatment with Pronase, trypsin, proteinase K, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, and phospholipase C. Periodic acid oxidation and several organic solvents (acetone, phenol, chloroform, and methanol) had no effect on the biological activity of ST. Further, purified ST was stable to acid treatment at pH 1.0 but lost biological activity at pH values greater than 9.0. Neither lipopolysaccharide nor lipid contamination was evident in purified preparations. A characteristic absorption spectrum was observed during the course of the purification, which shifted from a maximum at 260 nm in crude preparations to 270 nm for the purified toxin. Antiserum obtained from rabbits immunized with ST or ST coupled to bovine serum albumin neutralized the action of the enterotoxin in suckling mice; however, passive hemagglutination and hemolysis titer assays suggested that ST is a poor antigen.
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PMID:Purification and chemical characterization of the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by porcine strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 34 81

Interpretation of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with liver disease is difficult due to false-positive reactivity in some conditions. To evaluate the feasibility of HCV in archival material, HCV was sought in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens. Nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect hepatitis C virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens after total RNA was extracted from tissue by proteinase K digestion and phenol/chloroform purification. The relative efficiency of amplification of HCV RNA from formalin-fixed material was estimated semiquantitatively by serial dilution of cDNA synthesised from RNA extracted from fresh and formalin-fixed sections from the same liver. Although HCV RNA could be detected in formalin-fixed liver tissue by nested PCR in 5/5 cases in which HCV was detected in serum, amplification was approximately 5-fold less efficient than when HCV was amplified from fresh tissue. Nevertheless, nested PCR of HCV from formalin-fixed liver tissue represents a useful technique in addressing some important questions related to the pathogenesis of liver disease.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis "C" virus in formalin-fixed liver tissue by nested polymerase chain reaction. 132 5

Culture and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were compared for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in wild-caught Peromyscus leucopus and experimentally inoculated C.B-17 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficient) mice. PCR targeted highly conserved regions of the ospA gene and could detect one to five cultured organisms and 10 to 50 copies of molecularly cloned ospA DNA. Organs (kidney, spleen, and urinary bladder) and/or ear biopsy samples were obtained from 108 captured P. leucopus mice, and tissues were obtained from 7 experimentally inoculated mice. A simple sample-processing procedure with proteinase K and detergent treatment was used in the PCR analysis. Overall, B. burgdorferi was detected in 29 of 108 (27%) P. leucopus mice by culture and in 31 of 108 (29%) mice by PCR. As assessed by the kappa statistic, agreement between PCR and culture was high for ear and bladder (kappa = 0.80 and 0.65, respectively) and low for kidney and spleen (kappa = 0.37 and 0.03, respectively). While concordant results were obtained from 98 animals, PCR detected B. burgdorferi from 6 additional mice for which cultures were negative and culture detected B. burgdorferi from 4 animals which were PCR negative. Further phenol-chloroform extraction of DNA in a limited number of samples improved the sensitivity of PCR compared with that of culture. These results indicate that PCR may be as sensitive as culture for detecting B. burgdorferi in ear samples and that PCR analysis is suitable for establishing the infection status of animals in mark-release-recapture studies.
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PMID:Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and culture for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in naturally infected Peromyscus leucopus and experimentally infected C.B-17 scid/scid mice. 140 Sep 62

Chinese hamster ovary cells were incubated with radioactive amino acids, the DNA was isolated by standard proteinase K/phenol/chloroform extraction and residual amino acids complexed to the DNA were examined as an index of metal induced DNA-protein crosslinks. Using this method, both chromate and nickel caused residual histidine and cysteine to be complexed with the DNA isolated from metal-treated cells. In the case of chromate, a number of amino acids were studied and Tyr, Thr and Cys were found to be complexed to DNA at a level (above the untreated control) that was statistically significant. Stability studies indicated that some of the chromate-induced DNA-protein complexes were mediated by direct participation of chromium(III), whereas others that were resistant to dissociation by EDTA and mercaptoethanol did not seem to involve direct chromium(III) participation. A significant portion of the cysteine complexed to DNA by chromate was believed to involve glutathione since treatment of cells with cycloheximide did not decrease chromate-induced cysteine-DNA crosslinks. In the case of nickel, most of the stable DNA-protein crosslinks did not involve direct metal participation and were probably oxidatively mediated by Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox cycling. These findings present new methodology for analysis of DNA-protein crosslinks by examination of residual amino acids associated with the DNA. This method should be highly sensitive and will yield important information about the mechanism of metal-induced DNA-protein crosslinks.
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PMID:Analysis of residual amino acid--DNA crosslinks induced in intact cells by nickel and chromium compounds. 142 35

We compared ten methods for extraction of DNA from whole blood. Nine methods require incubation with either enzymes or treatment of organic solvents or both. The 'Rapid Method' (RM) (Method 10) avoids the use of organic solvents (phenol/chloroform) and eliminates completely the use of proteinase K. Thus, the time and cost of DNA extraction are reduced significantly. This is accomplished by salting out and precipitation of the cellular proteins in saturated sodium chloride. This method takes less than an hour to completion, without compromising the yield or the quality of DNA. Using RM, we can make DNA from 0.1 ml of whole blood and as little as 0.5 ml of blood yields DNA sufficient to run a few Southern blots. The RM can also be applied to packed cells. The DNA is free of RNA, protein and degrading enzymes. The uncut DNA runs as a typical slow-migrating, high-molecular-weight and undegraded species in an agarose gel. The DNA is suitable for digestion by various restriction endonucleases. This procedure works equally well with fresh blood samples and with those that are stored at 4 degrees C and -70 degrees C. To our knowledge the RM reported here is the safest, fastest and most quantitative and economical method for preparation of DNA from whole blood and cells.
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PMID:A non-organic and non-enzymatic extraction method gives higher yields of genomic DNA from whole-blood samples than do nine other methods tested. 149 32

1. A ribonuclease isolated from porcine thyroid cytosol using phenol: sodium dodecylsulfate treatment was associated with RNA and identical to latent alkaline ribonuclease. 2. Distribution of activity between aqueous and phenolic phases depended on pH, RNA, and ribonuclease inhibitor. 3. The ribonuclease was totally resistant to urea, guanidinium: HCl, chloroform:isoamyl alcohol, ethanol, heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min or at 80 degrees C plus 100 mM NaCl. It was highly resistant to hydrolysis by proteinase K except in the presence of detergent. 4. The extreme stability and other properties of latent alkaline ribonuclease could be the result of its association with RNA.
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PMID:Porcine thyroid cytosolic, latent alkaline ribonuclease: resistance to protein denaturants. 149 76

In this paper a strain of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) was isolated and purified from the diseased rabbit livers with a method of using chloroform, two-phase of polyethylene-glycol-dextran sulfate sodium and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Purified virus was nonenveloped, icosahedeal symmetry with a triangulation number of 3, and 33-37 nm in diameter. The capsid was composed of 32 capsomeres with central holes in an outer diameter of about 9nm. Two types of viral particles having different sedimentation coefficient, 130s and 166s could be identified after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Probably no less than four virion proteins with molecular weight of 66.4, 65.0, 63.5, 41.0 x 10(3) dalton were detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Viral nucleic acid was extracted from purified virus by using SDS-proteinase K-phenol. Tests with diphenylamine, formaldehyde, and staining with acridine orange as well as the curves of thermal denaturation showed that this kind of virus had a single-stranded DNA. The molecular weight of the ssDNA was approx 2.1 x 10(6) dalton as determined by electron microscopy. Data indicate that the RHDV may like the parvovirus of the family Parvoviridae.
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PMID:[A new virus of rabbit. II. Study on morphological structure and some physicochemical properties of a strain of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus]. 150 18

A sensitive non-radioactive DNA hybridisation assay employing digoxigenin-labelled probes was compared with immediate-early antigen detection and conventional virus isolation for the identification of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in 249 urine samples. Of 44 specimens yielding HCMV by virus isolation, more were positive by DNA hybridisation (32; 73%) than by immediate-early antigen detection (25; 52%) (P = 0.05). The specificity of the hybridisation assay in 45 apparently falsely positive specimens was supported by detection of HCMV DNA in 40 of these specimens using the polymerase chain reaction. Many urine specimens may thus contain large amounts of non-viable virus or free viral DNA. Evaluation of various protocols for the extraction and denaturation of virus DNA prior to hybridisation showed that proteinase K digestion with phenol/chloroform extraction was the most sensitive and reliable procedure. We conclude that the non-radioactive DNA hybridisation assay described is a potentially valuable routine diagnostic test.
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PMID:Sensitive non-isotopic DNA hybridisation assay or immediate-early antigen detection for rapid identification of human cytomegalovirus in urine. 164 75

A rapid single-step procedure for the isolation of low molecular weight DNA using guanidinium thiocyanate and phenol as protein denaturants is described and applied for the detection of specific hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences from serum samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The novel technique is efficient and, when compared to the standard proteinase K/phenol/chloroform method has the advantage of being faster and easily adaptable to the routine processing of a high number of clinical samples by PCR and spot hybridization techniques.
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PMID:A single-step DNA extraction procedure for the detection of serum hepatitis B virus sequences by the polymerase chain reaction. 165 51


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