Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.64 (proteinase K)
 4,071 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The collagenous region of adiponectin is glycosylated in vitro with glucosylgalactosyl moieties on four conserved lysines. We investigated the glycosylation of human adiponectin in vivo. Sugar vicinyl hydroxides on adiponectin were oxidized with 10 or 1 mM metaperiodate, and the result analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Only 10 mM metaperiodate caused significant changes in electrophoretic mobility and an altered susceptibility to proteinase K digestion. Such treatment also increased the susceptibility of hexamers and high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms to dissociation by SDS. By contrast, untreated low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms were readily dissociated by low concentrations of SDS. Reduced HMW isoforms were able to partially reassemble following the removal of dithiothreitol, and this process was unaffected by metaperiodate. The presence of sialic acid was detected by Maackia amurensis Lectin II blotting, and by oxidation with 1 mM metaperiodate, followed by detection with Emerald Green 300 fluorescent dye. Quantitation of sugars on affinity-purified adiponectin from nine human plasmas showed that dimers of HMW isoforms contained a 1.3-fold greater amount of total sugar than LMW isoforms. However, both contained similar amounts of sialic acid. We conclude that glucosylgalactosyl residues contribute to the conformation of HMW human plasma adiponectin. In addition, the HMW isoform contains greater amounts of glucosylgalactosyl residues than the LMW isoform, and these sugars are important in determining its stability in vivo.
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PMID:Glycosylation of human adiponectin affects its conformation and stability. 1760 84

Cells of Lactobacillus plantarum ML11-11, an isolate from Fukuyama pot vinegar, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae formed significant mixed-species biofilms with concurrent inter-species co-aggregation. The co-aggregation did not occur with heated or proteinase K-treated ML11-11 cells, or in the presence of D-mannose, suggesting that surface proteins of ML11-11 and mannose-containing surface substance(s) of yeast were the predominant contributing factors. Sugar fatty acid ester inhibited mixed-species biofilm formation, but did not inhibit co-aggregation, suggesting that the cell-cell adhesion and cell-polystylene adhesion are controlled by different mechanisms. Microscopic observation and microflora analysis revealed that inter-species co-aggregation plays an important role in the formation of the mixed-species biofilm.
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PMID:The importance of inter-species cell-cell co-aggregation between Lactobacillus plantarum ML11-11 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 in mixed-species biofilm formation. 2182 55