Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.6 (thromboplastin)
13,278 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood coagulation parameters (thromboplastin time. PT; activated partial thromboplastin time, aPTT; fibrinogen; antithrombin III, ATIII; von Willebrand factor-concentration, vWF; factor VIII-activity, FVIII) and fibrinolytic parameters (plasminogen; (alpha-antiplasmin; euglobulin-lysis-time, Elt; tissue plasminogenactivator-antigen, tPA-antigen; plasminogenactivator-1-antigen, PAI-1-antigen) were evaluated in 34 women on low-dose oral contraceptives (OC) twice at intervals of 12 weeks each time before and after maximal exercise. During the 12 weeks, 24 women took part in an aerobic conditioning program and 10 women were requested to avoid any kind of sports activity for this period. Blood samples were taken before training and before and after maximal treadmill exercise. This procedure was repeated after the training program. After maximal exercise we found a significant reduction of aPTT and PT (increase in %), a decrease in ATIII, vWF, fibrinogen, plasminogen and alpha2-antiplasmin but an increase in fibrinolytic activity (all p<0.05). Maximal exercise is associated with an increase in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis also in women taking OC. After the physical conditioning program an increase in fibrinolytic activity at rest was noted in the training group. Opposed to that the fibrinolytic activity at rest decreased in the control group after abstinence of sports activity over this period (p<0.05, MANOVA).
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PMID:Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis associated with maximal exercise and physical conditioning in women taking low dose oral contraceptives. 1123 4

In 16 cases, acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) and hypothyroidism have been described that occur with each other: 15 women and one man, at a mean age of 32 years, range, 13 to 82 years of age. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was normal in six patients, and five patients had factor VIII concentration (factor VIIIc) levels in excess of 60%. The bleeding time was prolonged in nine of 13 evaluable patients. Activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged in seven patients, and five of these had factor VIIIc levels between 18 and 45%, with two patients having levels in excess of 60%. A deficiency of other coagulation factors, including factor VII, V, IX, and X, caused by a generalized diminution in protein synthesis in hypothyroidism, may have contributed to the prolongation of the APTT. The AvWS was very likely type 1 in all cases because of a normal von Willebrand factor antigen/ristocetin cofactor (vWF Ag/RCF) ratio. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome was documented via cross immunoelectrophoresis in three patients and via multimeric analysis of vWF in six patients. A definite diagnosis of AvWS type I has to be confirmed by a normal response to 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). Treatment of hypothyroidism with thyroxine was associated with the disappearance of the AvWS and the bleeding diathesis. Decreased factor VIIIc, vWF Ag and vWF RCF levels (50%, 33%, and 36% respectively) before thyroxine treatment increased to normal values (97%, 93%, and 107% respectively) after treatment. The absence of bleeding, or mild bleeding, symptoms, in relation to those more commonly recognized with hypothyroidism, has led to the complication of acquired vWF deficiency being underdiagnosed. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome type I should be considered whenever hypothyroidism is diagnosed and thyroid biopsy or surgery is contemplated. The complete relief of AvWS via treatment of hypothyroidism with thyroxine is the final proof of this association and causal relationship.
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PMID:Acquired von Willebrand syndrome type 1 in hypothyroidism: reversal after treatment with thyroxine. 1129 87

This paper aimed to investigate the effect of lumbrokinase on the anticoagulation and fibrinolysis in treating cerebral infarction. Lumbrokinase was used in patients with cerebral infarction. Patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 31) and control group (n = 20). Single blind method was used in this investigation. The Chinese stroke score was used to evaluate the results of treatment before and after administration of lumbrokinase. Kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen content, vWF content were analyzed, and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, D-dimer level were assayed. In both groups, the stroke score decreased after administration, but in the treatment group, it was more obvious. In the treatment group, KPTT was prolonged, t-PA activity and D-dimer level increased, while the content of fibrinogen decreased significantly. There were no significant changes of PT and PAI activity in both groups. It is concluded that lumbrokinase is beneficial to the treatment of cerebral infarction. The effect of lumbrokinase is related to the inhibition of intrinsic coagulation pathway and the activation of fibrinolysis via an increase of t-PA activity.
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PMID:Changes in coagulation and tissue plasminogen activator after the treatment of cerebral infarction with lumbrokinase. 1132 42

Pregnancy is associated with a physiological increase in coagulation factors and heparin binding proteins; both can affect the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in response to unfractionated heparin (UFH) invalidating the use of a non-pregnant APTT therapeutic range. We compared the anticoagulant response of UFH added in vitro to the plasma of 13 pregnant (third trimester) and 15 nonpregnant women to determine whether the measured APTT and antifactor Xa activities are lower in pregnancy. Increasing concentrations of UFH were added to platelet-poor plasma from each subject and the APTT and anti-factor Xa activity were measured. The amount of UFH which was reversibly bound and neutralised by plasma heparin binding proteins was assessed by comparing the anti-factor Xa activity before and after addition of low affinity heparin (LAH). Fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag) and factor VIII levels, were also measured. The APTT response, assessed by the slope of the regression line of log APTT versus added heparin concentration, was attenuated in pregnant plasma (0.76 s/U/mL versus 1.2 s/U/mL, p = 0.005) and was highly correlated to increased non-specific plasma protein binding (47% versus 35% p <0.01) and increased fibrinogen (5.1 g/L versus 2.8 g/L, p < 0.01) and factor VIII activity (2.7 U/mL versus 1.2 U/mL, p <0.01). Thus, to achieve the same heparin level, pregnant women require higher daily doses of UFH than non-pregnant women. However, if UFH dose adjustments during the third trimester are based upon a non-pregnant APTT therapeutic range, systematic overdosing of pregnant women will result, possibly increasing the risk of bleeding and osteoporosis.
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PMID:The APTT response of pregnant plasma to unfractionated heparin. 1184 63

Fourteen patients with different types of von Willebrand disease (vWD) having acute bleeds or elective surgery were treated with Immunate(sound recording copyright sign), a double-virus inactivated factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) concentrate. The concentrate was applied as a bolus or via continuous infusion. FVIII activity (FVIIIc), vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), ristocetin cofactor activity (vWF:RCo), collagen binding activity (vWF:CB), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and von Willebrand multimers (vW-multimers) were monitored for 48 hours. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. The clinical efficacy was rated excellent or good. Bleeding complications occurred in 3 patients due to an additional FXIII deficiency in one patient, to a surgically induced bleed in another patient, and a rather short substitution period in the third patient. There were no serious adverse experiences. One patient showed a phlebitic reaction at the site of venous access after more than 100 hours of continuous infusion, requiring a change to application via bolus.
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PMID:Successful treatment of patients with von Willebrand disease using a high-purity double-virus inactivated factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrate (Immunate). 1199 43

The evaluation of menorrhagia should no longer be solely the task of the gynaecologist. In women with ovulatory bleeding (regular cycles), the prevalence of von Willebrand disease (vWD) in about 15% of these, as well as disorders of platelet function and fibrinolysis causing menorrhagia, warrants an active role by the haematologist. Initial intake should include documentation of menorrhagia by the pictorial chart assessment of menstrual flow. Baseline characteristics of menstrual flow should also be documented, including the frequency of changing the sanitary pad on the heaviest day, use of more than one sanitary pad at a time, number of days lost from school/work and the impact of menses on various quality-of-life parameters. Menorrhagia since menarche, a past history of surgical- and/or dental-related bleeding and a past history of postpartum haemorrhage are items of the bleeding symptom audit that appear in part to predict vWD in women with menorrhagia. Epistaxis and easy bruising do not appear to be clearly discriminatory symptoms. Initial testing should include the complete blood cell count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, iron profile, serum creatinine, thyroid stimulating hormone level, factor VIII level, vWF antigen, ristocetin cofactor and platelet aggregation studies. Additional haemostatic studies may also include a factor XI level and euglobulin clot lysis time. This extensive medical evaluation should assure both the patient and the gynaecologist that the possibility of an underlying haemostatic disorder has been thoroughly investigated, to avoid the patient undergoing further costly procedures and surgical interventions if an underlying haemostatic disorder remains unrecognized.
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PMID:Menorrhagia from a haematologist's point of view. Part I: initial evaluation. 1201 Apr 30

In June, 1997, we initiated a prospective study to analyze the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on coagulation system in peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) donors following G-CSF administration. Since, 25 consecutively healthy donors received G-CSF (filgrastim) to mobilize and collect PBSC and 20 donors were finally included in the study. Blood samples were collected immediately before starting G-CSF and prior to PBSC collection to analyze the following parameters: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, hypercoagulability markers (D-dimer, TAT complex, F1 + 2), natural anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C, protein S), endothelial activation markers [von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)], and resistance to activated protein C. We found a significant increase in F1 + 2 and D-dimer while a significant decrease of antithrombin and protein C activity was evidenced. Regarding endothelial cell activation markers, a significant increase of vWF:Ag with a slightly significant decrease of ACE were also observed. Therefore, in PBSC donors receiving G-CSF our results reveal activation of both coagulation and endothelial cells that could favor the developing of thrombotic events. In consequence, a careful monitoring should be considered in those cases with risk factors for thrombosis.
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PMID:Induction of a hypercoagulability state and endothelial cell activation by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in peripheral blood stem cell donors. 1220 56

The findings of a large prospective study designed to identify primary and/or secondary hemostatic disorders before surgical interventions are presented. A total of 5649 unselected adult patients were enrolled to identify impaired hemostasis before surgical interventions. Each patient was asked to answer a standardized questionnaire concerning bleeding history. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and platelet counts (PC) including PFA-100 (platelet function analyzer): collagen-epinephrine (C/E), and collagen-ADP (C/ADP) were routinely done in all patients. Additional tests, bleeding time (BT), and von Willebrand factor (vWF: Ag) were performed only in patients with a positive bleeding history and/or evidence of impaired hemostasis; e.g., drug ingestion. The bleeding history was negative in 5021 patients (88.8%) but positive in the remaining 628 (11.2%). Impaired hemostasis could be verified only in 256 (40.8%) of these patients. The vast majority were identified with PFA-100: C/E (n=250; 97.7%). The other six patients with impaired hemostasis were identifiable solely based on the PT (n=2), PFA-100: C/ADP (n=2), and vWF: Ag (n=2). The PFA-100: C/ADP detected 199 patients (77.7%). The only abnormality found among patients with a negative bleeding history was a prolonged aPTT due to lupus anticoagulant in nine patients (0.2%). The sensitivity of the PFA-100: collagen-epinephrine was the highest (90.8%) in comparison to the other screening tests (BT, aPTT, PT, vWF: Ag). The positive predictive value of the PFA-100: collagen-epinephrine was high (81.8%), but the negative predictive value was higher (93.4%). The use of a standardized questionnaire and, if indicated, the PFA-100: C/E and/or other specific tests not only ensure the detection of impaired hemostasis in almost every case but also a significant reduction of the cost.
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PMID:A practical concept for preoperative identification of patients with impaired primary hemostasis. 1524 76

Hemophilia A affects male, whereas females are carriers and generally spared from this disease. However, we here reported a 65-year-old female with Hemophilia A while screening the gene mutation of coagulation factor VIII. The female went to hospital because of tripping to lead her right chest to be injured with subcutaneous hematoma. She had historically a hemorrhagic diathesis. The physical examination discovered her hip limited to bend and move, but no discrepancy length between her two legs. The initial laboratory tests showed that the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was 61. 3 seconds (20-40 seconds), and the APTT corrected by mixing with normal plasma was 41.3 s, but the levels of PT, FIB and TT were normal. The plain radiographs revealed the hip joints to suffer from the acetabular dysplasia and osteoarthritis. The level of FVIII:C was 2%, F IX:C 200%, vWF:Ag 120%, vWF:Rcof 100%, vWF:CBA 128%, and the F VIII binding assay to vWF was normal. The primers for exon 14 of F VIII gene were designed according to the NM - 000132 gene sequence. DNA was abstracted from the patient blood. PCR were carried out and the DNA sequence was followed. A new mutation of 4111A-->C was discovered, which caused the amino acid sequence changed (T 1314 P). The mutation of T 1314 P may be the cause of this female patient to get the hemophilia A. This mutation was a novel one which has never been reported before.
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PMID:[Gene mutation analysis of coagulation factor VIII from a female patient with hemophilia A]. 1676 42

The stepwise diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (vWD) includes patient and family history, screening procedures (bleeding time, filter tests, platelet counts, activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]), confirmatory tests (von Willebrand factor [vWF]:antigen [Ag], vWF:ristocetin cofactor activity assay [RCo], vWF:collagen-binding test [CB], ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination [RIPA], and factor [F] VIII:coagulant activity [C]) and tests for final classification (multimeric analysis, vWF:factor VIII binding, and platelet vWF). Accumulating knowledge of the different clinical phenotypes and the pathophysiological basis of the disease have been translated into a classification that differentiates between quantitative and qualitative defects by means of quantitative and functional parameters and by analyzing the electrophoretic pattern of vWF multimers, but without inclusion of the genotype. Recently, it has been shown that with a sensitive method of multimer analysis, a > 90% genotype-phenotype relation may be achieved in the near future.
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PMID:Laboratory testing for von Willebrand disease: contribution of multimer analysis to diagnosis and classification. 1686 25


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