Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.6 (thromboplastin)
13,278 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight foals, 2 to 5 days of age, with similar clinical signs and laboratory and pathologic findings, died from hepatic failure. The predominant clinical signs were depression and icterus. Abnormally high values were found for plasma ammonia content, aromatic-to-branch-chain amino acid ratio, total serum bilirubin content, gamma glutamyl transferase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and PCV; partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged. Some foals had high sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. These laboratory findings were suggestive of subacute hepatic disease and failure. Predominant pathologic findings were limited to the liver and brain. The livers were less than half the expected size for 2- to 5-day-old foals, had prominent bile ductule proliferation, hepatic cell necrosis, and mild periportal fibrosis. These findings suggested both prenatal and postnatal diseases caused by exposure to a hepatoxin. The predominant lesion in the brain was the presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes, which are characteristic of hepatoencephalopathy. Although the periportal fibrosis was suggestive of in utero exposure to a toxin, epidemiologic information suggested that the hepatic failure more likely resulted from oral inoculation of a microorganism culture product at birth. The same disease was reproduced in 2 newborn foals by feeding this product.
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PMID:Toxic hepatic failure in newborn foals. 665 19

The plasma values for factors (F)VII, FVIII:C, FVIIIR:Ag, FIX, FX, and FXI and the thrombin clotting time (TCT) were determined for 28 dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease. The major morphologic type of hepatic disease present in a given dog, as determined by hepatic biopsy and histopathologic examination, was degeneration (12 dogs), inflammation (9 dogs), cirrhosis (3 dogs), or neoplasia (4 dogs). A specific morphologic diagnosis also was made for each dog in the study. Plasma coagulation factor values and screening tests were consistently abnormal in greater than 50% of the dogs with each type of hepatic disease as follows: degeneration--decreased FXI; inflammation--increased FVIIIR:Ag; cirrhosis--shortened TCT, decreased FIX, FX, and FXI, and increased FVIIIR:Ag; and neoplasia--shortened TCT, decreased FVIII:C, and increased FVIIIR:Ag. The plasma coagulation factor values were compared with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, fibrinogen-fibrin degradation product (FDP) concentration, and the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each test in detection of hepatic disease. Of all dogs with hepatic disease, 93% had at least 1 abnormal coagulation test value. The PT and APTT were abnormal in 50% and 75%, respectively, of these same dogs. Increased serum ALT and ALP activities were present in 61% and 50%, respectively, and FDP concentrations were increased in 14% of dogs with hepatic disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Plasma coagulation factor abnormalities in dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease. 666 Jun 23

An appropriate animal model of acute fulminant hepatic failure was developed in the guinea pig by he intrabiliary administration of monoethanolamine oleate. The animals were assigned in two experimental groups: 1) ethanolamine group - 42 guinea pigs that received intrabiliary 2,5 ml injection of monoethanolamine oleate; 2) control group - 18 guinea pigs subjected to intrabiliary 2,5 ml administration of saline. The intrabiliary administration of the ethanolamine oleate resulted in massive liver injury with 85,9% of hepatic coma during the first 96 hr. The liver damage was characterized by clinical manifestations (anorexia, increasing stupor, muscle wasting and deep coma), serum biochemical tests (elevations of serum transaminases, bilirubins , alkaline phosphatase), studies of blood coagulation (prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were markedly prolonged and the concentration of fibrinogen decreased) and histopathological findings (massive hepatic necrosis). This animal model appears promising for future studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of acute hepatic failure.
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PMID:[Acute hepatic insufficiency in guinea pigs. Experimental model caused by the injection of monoethanolamine oleate]. 667 56

Male New Zealand White rabbits were orally given 0.05 mg of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/kg of body weight daily for 10 days and were treated with glutathione-precursors and depletor, antibacterial agents, or sodium thiosulfate. The drug administered, the mortality, and the mean survival time were as follows: corn-oil controls (0), euthanatized at 25 days; AFB1-controls (2), 21 days; AFB1 and saline controls (2), 22 days; cysteine and AFB1 (5), 13 days; methionine and AFB1 (5), 12 days; sodium thiosulfate and AFB1 (2), 21 days; sulfadimethoxine and AFB1 (1), 24 days; oxytetracycline and AFB1 (0), euthanatized at 25 days; and ethyl maleate and AFB1 (3), 21 days. Clinical signs of toxicosis included decreased feed consumption during AFB1 administration, loss of body weight or failure to gain, and death. Clinicopathologic changes included increases in serum bilirubin concentration and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were lengthened. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was decreased. Changes in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, and serum alkaline phosphatase were unremarkable. Oxytetracycline had protective effects against chronic aflatoxicosis in rabbits. Cysteine and methionine enhanced chronic aflatoxicosis.
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PMID:Effects of various treatments on induced chronic aflatoxicosis in rabbits. 680 40

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and warfarin in pigs and to determine whether these have an additive effect in these pigs fed dietary Cd. Cadmium was provided daily through the diets of 2 concentrations (0 or control, and 83 micrograms/g of diet) during the 40 days of the experiment. At the start of the 5th week, AFB1 and warfarin were given in 5 daily doses (each dose 0.2 mg/kg of body weight) and the effects were determined for 10 days (starting with the 1st treatment day). Aflatoxin B1 given to the pigs fed the control diet (0 Cd) was toxic, inducing significantly increased alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities and the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and significantly decreased values in serum total protein, alpha-globulin, beta-globulin, gamma-globulin, and fibrinogen. There was no effect on blood urea nitrogen. The treatment with warfarin was more effective in producing earlier and significantly longer PT and APTT. In the pigs fed the diet with the added Cd, differences in activity of alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase values, but not blood urea nitrogen, as well as differences in intensity and duration of response in PT and APTT occurred when pigs were dosed daily for 5 days after AFB1 or warfarin. It is concluded that dietary Cd (83 micrograms/g of diet) in young pigs has an inhibitory effect on AFB1 toxicity and an enhancing synergistic effect with warfarin.
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PMID:Toxicology of aflatoxin B1, warfarin, and cadmium in young pigs: clinical chemistry and blood coagulation. 680 74

Sixty-seven cases of eclampsia were managed between August 1977 and July 1980. Routinely acquired laboratory tests of these cases have been analyzed. In addition, the group of patients with eclampsia was compared with a group of 24 healthy pregnant women. There was no significant difference in platelet count, serum fibrinogen, and bilirubin values. The activated partial thromboplastin time was abnormal in 42% of patients with eclampsia. There was no clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in any patient. Patients with eclampsia had abnormalities of lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, uric acid, BUN, and creatinine. However, in any individual patients there was no single test of great clinical usefulness and no test predictive of maternal or fetal outcome. At present the authors recommend complete blood count (including blood smear and platelet count), clot observation, and serum creatinine tests. Liver function tests are reserved for the patient with upper abdominal pain. Additional tests are recommended if the diagnosis of eclampsia is questionable or if an additional disease process is suspected.
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PMID:Eclampsia II. Clinical significance of laboratory findings. 707 59

The single intravenous administration of purified T-2 toxin to rabbits to 0.5 mg per kg body weight produced a decrease in hematocrit, while blood cell count, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The plasma clotting time, as measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time assay, was prolonged after intravenous T-2 toxin administration. In contrast, the administration of T-2 toxin to rabbits at 2.0 mg per kg body weight by gastric intubation produced oral lesions, diarrhea and anorexia in the animals but did not cause significant alteration in hematological and biochemical parameters. The results suggest that the rabbit may be a suitable model for further examination of the biochemical mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic action of T-2 toxin.
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PMID:Effect of fusarium T-2 toxin on hematological and biochemical parameters in the rabbit. 733 72

Reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT) of undiluted and serial dilutions of citrated platelet-poor plasma were determined for 30 healthy dogs. The PT and APTT were similarly determined for 32 dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease. Hepatic disease was confirmed by histopathologic examination of hepatic biopsy materials and comprised degeneration (13 dogs), inflammation (11 dogs), cirrhosis (4 dogs), and neoplasia (4 dogs). Coagulation test values were compared with serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities and Bromsulphalein retention for sensitivity in detecting hepatic disease in the dog. Coagulation test results were at variance with reference values in 66% of the 32 dogs with hepatic disease; serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were increased in 59%, 72%, and 75%, respectively and Bromsulphalein retention was increased in 22% of the 32 dogs. Thus, the PT and APTT were sensitive indicators of hepatic disease. However, the PT and APTT lacked specificity for any given hepatic disease. The sensitivity of the coagulation tests for detecting hepatic disease was enhanced by using dilutions of citrated platelet-poor plasma. Only 15% of dogs with hepatic disease showed variances from reference values in the coagulation tests done with undiluted plasma, but 66% showed variances in the tests with dilutions of plasma. Coagulation tests were also done in 13 dogs with normal hepatic function amd morphology, but with various extrahepatic diseases: chronic renal disease (5 dogs), dirofilariasis (4 dogs), encephalitis (1 dog), cutaneous disease (2 dogs), and femoral fracture (1 dog). Twelve of the 13 dogs had coagulation test values within the reference intervals.
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PMID:Alterations of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in dogs with hepatic disease. 734 May 74

This study was designed to determine the potential benefit or toxicity of an immunomodulator, Corynebacterium parvum vaccine, when it is given after severe burn injury. Forty conditioned beagles received a 33% total body surface 3-degree flame burn and were resuscitated with Ringer's lactate solution (3 ml/kg/% burn). Wounds were treated daily for 10 days with silver sulfadiazine cream. Two days and nine days after burn, 21 of the animals received C. parvum vaccine (10 mg/kg IV) in a saline infusion, while 19 control animals were given only saline infusion according to a double-blind protocol. Serial measurements were made of temperature, weight, food intake, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood count, white blood count, differential, platelet count, fibrin degradation products, activated partial thromboplastin time, clot retraction, C3, blood cultures, neutrophil function, monocyte function, opsonic index, Na, K, Cl, BUN, glucose creatinine, total protein albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, SGPT, and SGOT. During 45 days of observation, only 16% of the saline control dogs survived compared to 47% of the treated animals. Total white counts and neutrophil function were the only values which were significantly better in animals receiving C. parvum. However, their correlation with increased survival was marginal This preclinical trial suggests that C. parvum is an effective immunodulator for prevention of fatal infection following burn injury. There were no demonstrable toxic effects of the material in this study.
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PMID:Improved survival in severely burned animals using intravenous Corynebacterium parvum vaccine post injury. 745 9

Erythema multiforme major and disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in a dog 24 hours after exposure to a d-limonene-based insecticidal dip. Clinical signs included severe lethargy and weakness, ulceration of the oral mucosa, and erythematous serpiginous, annular, and arciform lesions on the head, trunk, and limbs. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included leukocytosis with neutrophilia, normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, increased fibrin degradation products, hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, azotemia, high serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and high serum bilirubin concentration. Despite intensive supportive care, the dog developed severe intrathoracic and abdominal hemorrhage and died. Necropsy revealed severe diffuse epidermal necrosis and widespread hemorrhage within organs. Insecticidal dips containing d-limonene have the potential to induce various toxic effects, including, possibly, erythema multiforme major, and should be used cautiously.
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PMID:Erythema multiforme major and disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog following application of a d-limonene-based insecticidal dip. 759 26


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