Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.6 (thromboplastin)
13,278 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of four Holstein-Friesian calves infected with 200,000 sporocysts of Sarcocystis bovicanis, three become ill and died on days 35, 55, and 59 of a 63-day experiment. No control calves became ill or died. Serum biochemicals and hematologic indicators of hemostasis from both groups were measured throughout the experiment. Creatine phosphokinase values for both groups increased markedly during acute infection. Lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase values were high in infected calves on days 25 to 35 and days 24 to 63, respectively, indicating injury of muscle, liver, or other tissues. Sorbitol dehydrogenase values were significantly higher for infected than for control calves on days 25 and 35, indicating liver injury. Serum bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen values were significantly increased in three anemic infected calves from day 25 or 26 to day 35, probably reflecting destruction of erythrocytes. The fourth infected calf was not anemic and had no hyperbilirubinemia and only minimal azotemia. Serum protein and albumin values decreased in infected calves on days 21 to 30 or 35, when, although hypoalbuminemia persisted, total protein concentration increased. Glucose, calcium, sodium, and chloride values decreased in infected calves slightly before onset of illness and remained low throughout the experiment. Potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus values did not differ between infected and control calves. Activated partial thromboplastin time and Russell's viper venom time were normal; prothrombin time was significantly higher from day 27 to day 49 in infected calves. This pattern was interpreted as evidence for acquired factor VII deficiency. Abnormal retraction of blood clots and enlarged platelets in blood smears, which indicate platelet dysfunction and increased platelet turnover, respectively, were seen on days 27 through 35 in anemic infected calves. Values for thrombin time (three calves) and fibrin degradation product concentration (one calf) increased just before death of the infected calves.
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PMID:Hematology of experimental acute Sarcocystis bovicanis infection in calves. II. Serum biochemistry and hemostasis studies. 678 37

Prostacyclin infused intravenously in human volunteers induces ex vivo inhibition of platelet aggregation, tachycardia and hypotension. The inhibition of platelet aggregation is obtained with slightly lower doses than those which exhibit cardiovascular effects. The cardiovascular effects disappeared within a few minutes after discontinuing the infusion of prostacyclin but the platelet effects were longer lasting. Prostacyclin did not have any effect on platelet count, platelet factor 3, accelerated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, euglobulin clot lysis time, fibrinogen degradation products, blood glucose concentration or urine sodium potassium ratio.
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PMID:Effects of intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) in man. 699 28

Three parameters of coagulability--thrombin generation time (TGT), antithrombin III (AT III), and activated partial thromboplastin time (ATPP)--and two parameters of diabetic control--serial measurements of fasting serum glucose (FG) and hemoglobin A1(HbA1)--were used to study the relationship between diabetic control and hypercoagulability. Four groups of females were studied consisting of 10 young normal, 10 young insulin-dependent diabetic, 10 pregnant nondiabetic, and 8 first-trimester, insulin-dependent, pregnant diabetic subjects. Fasting serum glucose values and HbA1 were higher (P < 0.005) in nonpregnant diabetic subjects (193.1 +/- 29.1 mg/dl, 12.9 +/- 1.1%) and pregnant diabetic subjects (111.0 +/- 13.6 mg/dl, 8.2 +/- 1.7%) than in controls (64.8 +/- 4.4 mg/dl, 5.9 +/- 0.1%) and the nondiabetic pregnant females (71.6 +/- 3.8 mg/dl, 6.1 +/- 0.2%). Young diabetic females, pregnant females, and pregnant diabetic subjects had a shorter (P < 0.01) TGT than did the controls. AT III was greater (P < 0.01) for controls (99.7 +/- 2.7%) than for pregnant nondiabetic (83.2 +/- 3.8%), diabetic (79.5 +/- 2.5%), and pregnant diabetic subjects (76.2 +/- 4.4%). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.88, P < 0.005) between HbA1 and FG in the 10 young diabetic and in the 8 pregnant diabetic subjects (r = 0.74, P < 0.05). In the 10 diabetic females there was a negative correlation between AT III and FG (r = -0.76, P < 0.01) and between AT III and HbA1 (r = -0.79, P < 0.01). Thus, AT III is depressed in both diabetes and pregnancy, with pregnant diabetic subjects displaying the lowest AT III levels. Our observation that depression of AT III levels in young diabetic females was closely correlated with elevations of fasting serum glucose and HbA1 suggests that strict diabetic control may help prevent hypercoagulability in diabetes.
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PMID:Plasma antithrombin III and thrombin generation time: correlation with hemoglobin A1 and fasting serum glucose in young diabetic women. 744 96

This study was designed to determine the potential benefit or toxicity of an immunomodulator, Corynebacterium parvum vaccine, when it is given after severe burn injury. Forty conditioned beagles received a 33% total body surface 3-degree flame burn and were resuscitated with Ringer's lactate solution (3 ml/kg/% burn). Wounds were treated daily for 10 days with silver sulfadiazine cream. Two days and nine days after burn, 21 of the animals received C. parvum vaccine (10 mg/kg IV) in a saline infusion, while 19 control animals were given only saline infusion according to a double-blind protocol. Serial measurements were made of temperature, weight, food intake, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood count, white blood count, differential, platelet count, fibrin degradation products, activated partial thromboplastin time, clot retraction, C3, blood cultures, neutrophil function, monocyte function, opsonic index, Na, K, Cl, BUN, glucose creatinine, total protein albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, SGPT, and SGOT. During 45 days of observation, only 16% of the saline control dogs survived compared to 47% of the treated animals. Total white counts and neutrophil function were the only values which were significantly better in animals receiving C. parvum. However, their correlation with increased survival was marginal This preclinical trial suggests that C. parvum is an effective immunodulator for prevention of fatal infection following burn injury. There were no demonstrable toxic effects of the material in this study.
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PMID:Improved survival in severely burned animals using intravenous Corynebacterium parvum vaccine post injury. 745 9

Twenty healthy males were divided into two groups: 10 subjects were supplemented for 2 weeks with 400 ml of red wine (11% alcohol) per day and the other 10 subjects were given 400 ml of white wine (11% alcohol) per day for a similar period. Blood samples were drawn prior to wine supplementation, after 1 week and at the end of the study. No significant effects were found on plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, bilirubin, creatine kinase, amylase, blood cell counts, platelet counts and platelet aggregation. Both red- and white-wine supplementation resulted in a transient minor reduction in plasma glucose concentration and in a minor elevation in blood coagulation properties such as prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. Red (but not white) wine resulted in an 11 and 26% increment in plasma triglyceride concentrations after 1 and 2 weeks of supplementation, respectively. Plasma cholesterol, as well as very-low- and low-density-lipoprotein levels did not change during the 2 weeks of red- or white-wine supplementation. The most impressive effect of red-wine intake was a significant (p < 0.01) increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and in plasma apolipoprotein A-I concentrations by up to 26 and 12%, respectively. These effects were not observed after the intake of white wine. We conclude that the major effect of red-wine supplementation (about 40 g of alcohol per day for a period of 2 weeks) was a significant increase in plasma HDL concentration which may contribute to the reduced risk for cardiovascular diseases observed in red-wine drinkers.
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PMID:Effect of dietary supplementation of red or white wine on human blood chemistry, hematology and coagulation: favorable effect of red wine on plasma high-density lipoprotein. 753 90

Twenty-three lots of five antithrombin III (AT III) concentrates from four manufacturers were analyzed in a single-blind study. All the preparations had been virus-inactivated by pasteurization, and one concentrate had also been treated with solvent/detergent (S/D). AT III activities were determined using two thrombin-based and one factor Xa-based chromogenic substrate assays. AT III antigen was measured by kinetic nephelometry. All AT III assays were tested against the first international reference preparation coded 72/1. In addition, AT III was characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of heparin and by gel filtration. The following were quantified: heparin cofactor II activity and antigen content, heparin activity, thrombin-AT III complexes, AT III-protease complexes, total protein, albumin, immunoglobulins, glucose and pH. The AT III concentrates differed markedly in terms of their purity and potency. The specific activities of AT III and the ratios of AT III activity to antigen content ranged from 3.4 to 6.9 and from 0.63 to 0.84, respectively. The highest values were found in five lots of the concentrate that had been treated by both pasteurization and S/D. This preparation was the only one that was virtually free of denaturated AT III, as judged by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Marked batch-to-batch variation in AT III potencies was found in two out of the five preparations analyzed. In two out of five lots from one manufacturer, the measured potencies were more than 10% lower than the declared potencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:In vitro characterization of antithrombin III concentrates--a single-blind study. 755 58

Current evidence indicates that life-style factors can affect the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The life-style of cigarette smokers, as a group, differs in many ways from that of nonsmokers. Most studies that compare clinical pathologic findings related to atherogenic and thrombogenic risk in smokers and nonsmokers do not adequately control for most of the life-style differences between these two groups. In this study, a number of atherogenic risk factors (cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein/cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) and thrombogenic risk factors (total white blood cell count, total red blood cell count; percent of monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils; interleukin-1, leukotriene B4, hematocrit, hemoglobin, bilirubin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen) were compared in male and female cigarette smokers and non-smokers who were selected to have approximately similar self-reported life-styles (i.e., food, alcohol, and vitamin consumption and exercise level). However, the smokers (male and female) consumed more coffee (P < 0.05) than the nonsmokers. A trend toward blue-collar versus white collar occupational status was also observed in the male smokers relative to male nonsmokers. Cigarette consumption and urinary cotinine and carboxyhemoglobin levels did not differ between male and female smokers. Atherogenic and thrombogenic values were determined from venous blood samples. No statistically significant (P > 0.05) differences in clinical pathologic findings related to atherogenic risk were observed between the smokers and nonsmokers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Blood parameters associated with atherogenic and thrombogenic risk in smokers and nonsmokers with similar life-styles. 756 45

A bioartificial liver (BAL) support system, using plasma separation, has been developed to support acute liver failure patients. This study examined 14 consecutive BAL treatments in nine patients with severe acute liver failure. We report methods to achieve and manage plasma separation for an extended period of time. The mean duration of a BAL treatment was 435 minutes, with 26-59 liters of blood processed. Ionized hypocalcemia resulting in muscle twitching was a side effect of the therapy. Ionized calcium levels decreased significantly (P < .02) after BAL treatment; however, total calcium levels increased (P < .05). No significant changes were noted in heart rate, electrocardiogram [Q-T (Q-Tc) interval], blood pressure, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, hematocrit, platelet count and serum phosphorous, magnesium, glucose, and pH. Plasma fibrinogen levels decreased significantly (P < .002). Ionized hypocalcemia due to the chelating effect of sodium citrate was controlled by calcium chloride administration, adjustment of blood separation rates, and reduction of the blood-to-citrate ratio. This report demonstrates that intensive, large-volume plasma separation for long periods of time can be achieved safely in critically ill patients without serious adverse effects.
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PMID:Plasma separation for artificial liver support. 759 19

Heparin is the most frequently used drug for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Its use, however, is restricted by its side-effects. To study the efficacy of other glycosaminoglycans that could substitute heparin in the management of arterial thrombosis, 60 guinea-pigs were randomly allocated into 6 groups: G1 = control, G2 = heparin (150 IU/kg), G3 = heparan sulfate from beef pancreas (2.5 mg/kg), G4 = heparan sulfate from beef lung (2.5 mg/kg), G5 = N-acetylated heparan from beef pancreas, G6 = dermatan sulfate from beef intestine (2.5 mg/kg). Ten minutes after intravenous injection of the drugs, thrombosis was induced by the injection of a 50% glucose solution into a segment of the right carotid artery isolated between 2 thread loops during 10 minutes. Three hours later the artery was re-exposed and if a thrombus was present it was measured, withdrawn and weighed. Thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were measured in all animals. Thrombus developed in 90% of the animals in the control group, 0% in G2 and G3, 62.5% in G4, 87.5% in G5 and G6. Only in the animals treated with heparin the coagulation tests were prolonged. In conclusion, in the used dose only the heparan sulfate from beef pancreas presented an antithrombotic effect similar to heparin in this experimental model.
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PMID:Effect of different glycosaminoglycans in a guinea-pig carotid artery thrombosis model. 783 78

This study evaluated the haemostatic profiles of a group of 11 female and seven male calves from the day of birth until they were 60 days of age. Similar results were found for both sexes. At birth the plasma activity of the procoagulant proteins, Factors VII, VIII:C, IX, X and XI and fibrinogen were all close to the adult values. Factors VII, VIII:C and fibriogen increased transiently during the first seven days of life but the increases were not sufficient to influence routine coagulation screening assays such as the activated partial thromboplastin time and the prothrombin time. At birth, the plasma concentration of the protease inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin, was approximately 50 per cent of adult values and increased slowly during the first seven days of life; the plasma concentration of antithrombin III was higher than that of alpha 2-macroglobulin. The changes in the plasma concentration of fibronectin paralleled the changes in fibrinogen and Factor VIII:C from birth to 60 days of age; the concentrations of total plasma protein and plasma albumin remained stable and within the adult ranges throughout the 60 days. The plasma concentration of glucose increased transiently during the first 48 hours after birth.
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PMID:Competency of blood coagulation in the newborn calf. 787 Dec 54


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