Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.6 (thromboplastin)
 13,278 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 52-year-old woman who developed acute transverse myelopathy following systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was reported. At the age of 46, she was diagnosed as having atypical psychosis. Neurological examination revealed mild depressive state, paraparesis, diffuse hyperreflexia, hypesthesia below the breasts, and urinary disturbance. Gait was slightly ataxic and Romberg sign was positive. Laboratory study disclosed lymphocytopenia, positive antinuclear antigen, false positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratories flocculation test and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. IgG anticardiolipin antibody (aCLA) was positive, whereas IgM aCLA was negative. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal except the elevation of %IgG. Nerve conduction studies were normal and no abnormality was detected in the brain and spinal cord by MRI and CT. We treated her by two series of steroid pulse therapy, which resulted in marked improvement of symptoms and disappearance of aCLA. Before and after the pulse therapy, symptoms were fluctuated in parallel with the levels of aCLA. These findings suggest the relation of aCLA to the transverse myelopathy in SLE. This is the first case report of a good prognosis of myelopathy in a SLE patient who was treated by steroid pulse therapy with the aim of disappearance of aCLA.
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PMID:[Transverse myelopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with positive anticardiolipin antibody--a case report]. 142 46

IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were measured by a solid phase enzyme immunoassay in 64 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had one or more clinical disorders reported to be associated with aCL. We found the presence of IgG aCL was significantly associated with an increased incidence of cerebrovascular disease (p less than 0.01), a positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL) test (p less than 0.02) and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (p less than 0.001). IgM aCL were associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion (p less than 0.05), thrombocytopenia (p less than 0.05) as well as a positive VDRL and prolonged PTT. The combination of high titer IgG and IgM aCL was associated with endocardial disease (p = 0.02), migraine (p less than 0.02), in addition to fetal loss (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with lupus with anticardiolipin antibody associated clinical syndromes. 317 93

We prospectively studied 81 consecutively identified patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) who developed focal cerebral ischemia over a 7-year period. The mean age of this cohort was approximately a decade younger than the average atherothromboembolic stroke victim and women were more commonly involved than men. The frequency of conventional stroke risk factors was lowest in the group of stroke patients with the highest levels of IgG cardiolipin immunoreactivity. Other serological abnormalities associated with aPL (false-positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test, thrombocytopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]) were more common in the group with over 100 GPL units (high positive). Patients with the highest IgG anticardiolipin titers had the shortest times to subsequent thrombo-occlusive events. The most common recurrent event was cerebral infarction, often occurring within the first year of follow-up during a mean prospective follow-up of 3 years. Over one-half of the cohort had at least one recurrent thrombo-occlusive event during follow-up. This distinct syndrome of cerebral ischemia should be recognized for its younger age at onset, predominance of women, high risk of recurrent thrombo-occlusive events, and the possible use of the IgG anticardiolipin antibody titer for prognosis.
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PMID:Recurrent stroke and thrombo-occlusive events in the antiphospholipid syndrome. 761 14

A post-dated intra-uterine growth retarded male Malay baby was born to a 30-year-old mother gravida II by Caesarean section. Her previous pregnancy ended in still-birth. The baby was severely asphyxiated at birth. He was intubated and immediately admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. He had anasarca, anaemia, purpura and firm, massive hepatosplenomegaly. X-rays revealed ascites and bilateral metaphysiitis of the long bones. The haemoglobin level was 5.0 gm/dl and PCV 18.3%. Coombs' test was negative. Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were prolonged. The baby and mother were positive for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and the treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) tests. The baby was actively resuscitated but expired at three and a half hours of life due to overwhelming sepsis associated with severe anaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Case report--a neonate with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. 815 1

The anticardiolipin antibody syndrome is relatively uncommon. It should be suspected mostly in young people with unexplained embolic or thrombotic events. A young patient with an abnormal prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, or venereal disease research lab test with one of the above noted vascular events would be a suspect for this disorder. Though an antibody test that will qualitatively and quantitatively measure antiphospholipid antibodies is available, its clinical application is not entirely clear. The presence of the antibody will support a diagnosis but cannot be used alone for diagnosis or treatment.
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PMID:Case report: the anticardiolipin (antibody) syndrome. 819 47

Livedo reticularis is associated with collagen vascular diseases and other vaso-occlusive disorders in a substantial number of cases. In the remaining cases the cause of livedo reticularis is still unknown. (i.e., idiopathic). We sought to determine a possible causal relationship between idiopathic livedo reticularis and autoimmune factors associated with the coagulation system, including antiendothelial cell antibodies. Nine patients with idiopathic livedo reticularis were studied. All patients were found to have normal platelet count, fibrinogen levels, and prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, as well as negative results for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and D-timer tests. Anticoagulant activity was detected in 2 patients: one had positive results of thromboplastin titration index and Russell's viper venom test, as well as increased levels of anticardiolipin antibodies and anti-endothelial cell antibodies; the other has positive thromboplastin titration index, mildly increased levels of anti-endothelial cell antibodies, and markedly increased levels of antinuclear antibodies. A third patient had mildly increased levels of anti-endothelial cell antibodies alone, and a fourth patient had mildly increased levels of antinuclear antibodies only. The clinical outcome was uneventful in all of the patients during an 18-month follow-up period. These findings suggest involvement of autoimmune factors associated with the coagulation system in some patients with idiopathic livedo reticularis, whose clinical significance remains to be determined.
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PMID:A study of coagulation and anti-endothelial antibodies in idiopathic livedo reticularis. 918 65

A twenty seven year old female was referred to our department with deep vein thrombosis, abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ratio 1:60 and prothrombin time (PT) INR of 3:11. She had history of loss of pregnancies previously. Coagulation tests with pooled normal fresh plasma did not correct a PTT because of a coagulation inhibitor and only partially corrected PT. Kaolin clotting time (KCT) of patient plasma (PP) and a mixture of PP/normal plasma (NP) detected the lupus anticoagulant (LA). Venereal Disease Laboratory (VDRL) test on the patient's serum was positive with low titre 1:8 while Treponema Pallidum haemaglutination test (TPHA) was negative. Anticardiolipin antibodies IgG were raised while IgM levels were within normal levels. This was a case of lupus anticoagulant syndrome. The patient was treated with unfractionated heparin and warfarin and later started on salicylates and prednisone.
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PMID:Lupus anticoagulant syndrome: case report. 1006 1

An abnormal increase in anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (abeta2GPI) is capable of producing thrombosis and the vasculopathy-simulating antiphospholipid antibody (aPL). However, it is rarely described in cerebral ischemia without an association with aPL. The authors report a middle-aged man who experienced recurrent cerebral ischemia and diffuse cerebral stenosis without the apparent traditional cardiovascular risk factor. He was free of antiphospholipid/cofactor syndrome (APCS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An increase of blood abeta2GPI was detected in serial measurements. The aPL, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, Coombs' test, and antinuclear factor were negative. Activated partial thromboplastin time was normal. This patient is a reminder to consider abeta2GPI in an unexplained recurrent cerebral thrombosis and cerebral artery stenosis even when the typical clinical manifestation or laboratory data of APCS is absent.
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PMID:An unusual increase of blood anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-I antibody but not antiphospholipid antibody in cerebral ischemia--a case report. 1122 90

Although anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) has been suggested to be a potent risk factor for thrombosis and atherosclerosis in multiple arterial beds, conflicting results still exist between aCL and cerebral ischemia in the general stroke population. To elucidate if this discrepancy relates to the heterogeneity of underlying etiologies, blood beta(2)-glycoprotein I dependent-aCL was evaluated in 432 Taiwanese adults associated with cerebral ischemia who were classified into five subtypes according to their causes of cerebral ischemia. The results were compared with those in 100 healthy controls. A definite increase of aCL-IgG isotype was found in 41 patients (9.35%) and four controls (4.0%). The relative risk was 2.52. The frequency of increased aCL-IgG was 12.2%, 12.8%, 8.8%, 3.9%, and 3.5% in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic disease, stroke of unknown etiology, small-artery occlusive disease, cardioembolism, and stroke of other known etiology, respectively. Only patient with large-artery atherosclerotic disease (p<0.025) and stroke of unknown etiology (p<0.05) had a higher frequency of increased aCL than control. The frequencies of abnormal result of activated partial thromboplastin time, antinuclear factor, Coombs' test, and venereal disease research laboratory were 2.84%, 1.22%, 1.02%, and 1.34% in these 41 patients, respectively. Accordingly, aCL-IgG selectively increases in patients with large-artery atherosclerosis and stroke of unknown etiology, reflecting selective activation of humoral immunity for aCL in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia.
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PMID:The increase of blood anticardiolipin antibody depends on the underlying etiology in cerebral ischemia. 1582 27

Although anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) has been suggested to be a potent risk factor for thrombosis and atherosclerosis in multiple arterial beds, conflicting results exist between aCL and cerebral ischemia in the general stroke population. To elucidate if this discrepancy relates to the heterogeneity of underlying etiologies, the blood beta(2)-glycoprotein I dependent-aCL in 432 Taiwanese adults was examined. The associated cerebral ischemia in these patients was classified into five subtypes according to the cause of cerebral ischemia. The results were compared with those in 100 healthy controls. A definite increase of aCL-IgG isotype was found in 41 patients (9.35%) and four controls (4.0%). The relative risk was 2.52. The frequency of increased aCL-IgG was 12.2%, 12.8%, 8.8%, 3.9%, and 3.5% in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic disease, stroke of unknown etiology, small-artery occlusive disease, cardioembolism, and stroke of other known etiology, respectively. Only patients with large-artery atherosclerotic disease (p<0.025) and stroke of unknown etiology (p<0.05) had higher frequencies of increased aCL than those in control subjects. The frequencies of abnormal results of activated partial thromboplastin time, antinuclear factor, Coombs' test, and venereal disease research laboratory were 2.84%, 1.22%, 1.02%, and 1.34% in these 41 patients, respectively. Accordingly, aCL-IgG selectively increases in patients with large-artery atherosclerosis and stroke of unknown etiology, reflecting selective activation of humoral immunity for aCL in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia.
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PMID:The increase of blood anticardiolipin antibody depends on the underlying etiology in cerebral ischemia. 1644 37


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