Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.5 (thrombin)
 33,306 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A monoclonal antibody which blocks InsP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release from isolated endoplasmic reticulum was used to isolate a novel 4.0 kb cDNA from a human erythroleukaemia (HEL) cell cDNA expression library. A corresponding mRNA transcript of approx. 4.2 kb was present in all human cell lines and tissues examined, but cardiac and skeletal muscle had an additional transcript of 6.4 kb. The identification in GenBank(R) of homologous expressed sequence tags from many tissues and organisms suggests that the gene is ubiquitously expressed in higher eukaryotes. The gene was mapped to human chromosome 19p13.1. The cDNA predicts a 100 kDa protein, designated Ca(2+) homoeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP), with two putative transmembrane domains, multiple consensus phosphorylation sites, a polyglutamine tract of 12 repeats and regions of imperfect tryptophan and histadine octa- and nona-peptide repeats. In vitro translation of the full-length cDNA produced proteins of M(r) 128000 and 100000, corresponding to protein bands detected by Western blotting of many cell types. CHERP was co-localized in HEL cells with the InsP(3) receptor by two-colour immunofluorescence. Transfection of HEL cells with antisense cDNA led to an 80% decline in CHERP within 5 days of antisense induction, with markedly decreased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization by thrombin, decreased DNA synthesis and growth arrest, indicating that the protein has an important function in Ca(2+) homoeostasis, growth and proliferation.
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PMID:Cloning of human Ca2+ homoeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP): regulated expression of antisense cDNA depletes CHERP, inhibits intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and decreases cell proliferation. 1079 31

We recently discovered a novel gene on chromosome 19p13.1 and its product, an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein, termed CHERP (calcium homoeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein). A monoclonal antibody against its C-terminal domain inhibits Ins(1,4,5) P (3)-induced Ca(2+) release from ER membrane vesicles of many cell types, and an antisense-mediated knockdown of CHERP in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells greatly impaired Ca(2+) mobilization by thrombin. In the present paper, we explore further CHERP's function in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Confocal laser immunofluorescence microscopy showed that CHERP was co-localized with the Ins(1,4,5) P (3) receptor throughout the cytoplasmic and perinuclear region, as previously found in HEL cells. Transfection of Jurkat cells with a lac I-regulated mammalian expression vector containing CHERP antisense cDNA caused a knockdown of CHERP and impaired the rise of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) (measured by fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester fluorescence) caused by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and thrombin. A 50% fall of CHERP decreased the PHA-induced rise of the cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), but Ca(2+) influx was unaffected. Greater depletion of CHERP (>70%) did not affect the concentration of Ins(1,4,5) P (3) receptors, but diminished the rise of [Ca(2+)](i) in response to PHA to </=30% of that in control cells, decreased Ca(2+) influx and slowed the initial rate of [Ca(2+)](i) rise caused by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, suggesting there was also some deficit in ER Ca(2+) stores. In CHERP-depleted cells the Ca(2+)-dependent activation and translocation of the key transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) from cytoplasm to nucleus was suppressed. Furthermore, cell proliferation was greatly slowed (as in HEL cells) along with a 60% decrease in cyclin D1, a key regulator of progression through the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. These findings provide further evidence that CHERP is an important component of the ER Ca(2+)-mobilizing system in cells, and its loss impairs Ca(2+)-dependent biochemical pathways and progression through the cell cycle.
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PMID:Antisense-mediated loss of calcium homoeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP; ERPROT213-21) impairs Ca2+ mobilization, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation and cell proliferation in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. 1265 74