Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.5 (thrombin)
 33,306 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adding urine to a standard buffered fibrinogen solution and then coagulating it with thrombin gives reproducible coagulation times with normal urines. Coagulation of fibrinogen by thrombin is prolonged in acid solutions with a pH below six. Urines of high acidity lower the buffer pH of the fibrinogen solution below a value of six thus rendering the system uncoagulable or significantly prolonging the coagulation time. With this test system we found that out of 16 severe homograft rejections 15 were accompanied by a high acid excretion in six-hour urine specimens. Ten of these acid episodes became apparent 12 to 48 hr before clinical symptoms and before elevation of the serum creatinine could be detected.
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1975
PMID:A simple test for early detection of severe renal homograft rejection. 0 Jun 67

The influence of hemofiltration on the number of platelets and on coagulation factors was investigated in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. These investigations were done on 12 patients during 22 treatments with hemofiltration. Blood samples were taken before hemofiltration, 10, 30 and 120 minutes after the beginning of the treatment and at the end of hemofiltration. In comparison to the original values we found a loss of platelets, a small decrease in the concentration of fibrinogen and a small increase in the fibrin monomer complex, plasminogen, antithrombin III, alpha1-antitrypsin and in alpha2-macroglobulin. The thrombin time, the partial thromboplastin time and Quick's test showed that the blood of these patients contained sufficient hepatin. Use of fibrin plates (Astrup) showed no signs of fibrinolytic activity. Compared to the results, which were obtained some years ago during hemodialysis, we found a smaller extent of alterations of blood coagulation factors and number of platelets.
J Dial 1977
PMID:Alterations of clotting factors and platelets during hemofiltration. 7 95

Topical thrombin was applied to the cannulation sites during and after withdrawal of the needles. The duration of bleeding was reduced by 50% compared to the control period in patients with various internal arteriovenous communications undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment. Accordingly, use of topical thrombin appears effective in saving patients and staffs time, minimizing the blood loss in these anemic patients, and preventing the possible injurious effect of prolonged compression of vascular access to accomplish hemostasis.
J Dial 1978
PMID:Control of bleeding from cannulation sites with topical thrombin in dialyzed patients. 72 94

Thrombin-antithrombin III complex concentrations (TAT-III) were measured in 18 anaemic haemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietin (Epo) and in four haemodialysis patients treated with i.v. iron dextran. There was a significant early increase in thrombin-antithrombin III in erythropoietin-treated patients which appeared to be independent of the response to erythropoietin (Epo responders (n = 14), pretreatment TAT-III median (range) 3.10 (2.70-9.10) micrograms/l; maximum TAT-III 19.48 (11.18-60.00) micrograms/l, P less than 0.001, Wilcoxon; Epo non-responders (n = 4), pretreatment TAT-III 3.15 (2.90-4.50) micrograms/l, maximum TAT-III 16.00 (10.31-36.12) micrograms/l, P less than 0.001). This was not seen in iron-dextran-treated patients (Pretreatment TAT-III 2.05 (1.90-9.48) micrograms/l, maximum TAT-III 5.60 (2.10-14.50) micrograms/l). The change was not related to haemoglobin, erythropoietin dose, or method of administration, and was transient in nature, thrombin-antithrombin III returning to pretreatment values after approximately 6 months in all patients (Epo responders 6.0(4.0-9.0) months, TAT-III 2.47 (1.30-9.23) micrograms/l; Epo non-responders 7.0 months, TAT-III 5.04 (2.10-7.00) micrograms/l). Increased thrombin-antithrombin III complex may reflect an effect of erythropoietin on microcirculatory factors, which could be relevant to the occurrence of adverse events during treatment.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992
PMID:Prothrombotic effect of erythropoietin in dialysis patients. 131 96

Clotting within the dialyser is one of the most significant clinical parameters of biocompatibility. A study was designed to evaluate the biocompatibility of two different dialysis membranes (cuprophane and polyacrylonitrile) during therapy with conventional heparin. Transient leukopenia during cuprophane but not during polyacrylonitrile haemodialysis was observed, and elastase release using polyacryonitrile membranes was reduced (P less than 0.001). An elevation in F VIII:C activity during cuprophane haemodialysis has to be taken as an indication of endothelial disturbances. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) platelet activation (beta-thromboglobulin) and combined thrombin/plasmin generation using cuprophane membranes. This new synthetic polyacrylonitrile membrane inactivates the clotting in an extracorporeal system to a sufficient degree and allows a reduction in dosages of heparin. Platelet activation, platelet turnover, disturbances of endothelium, fibrinolysis activation, and granulocyte activation are reproducible parameters of a described interaction model. They also permit a comparison of different haemodialysis membranes.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Comparison of blood biocompatibility during haemodialysis with cuprophane and polyacrylonitrile membranes. 839 23

Whilst chronic renal failure (CRF) patients are known to have an impaired immune response the explanation is unclear. We investigated the immunosuppressive effect of plasma from CRF patients on an in vitro assay of normal lymphocyte function. One hundred and sixty regular dialysis patients had significantly greater plasma suppressive activity (PSA) than that of normal healthy subjects. PSA decreased after haemodialysis but increased after blood transfusion. Renal allograft recipients with low PSA were more likely to have accelerated rejection. Assay of the functional capacity of plasma for inhibiting protease (e.g. plasmin, thrombin, trypsin) suggest that high PSA is associated with the excess formation of protease-inhibitor complexes and liberation of immunoregulatory peptide (less than 10,000 daltons).
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1983
PMID:A new mechanism of humoral immunodepression in chronic renal failure and its importance to dialysis and transplantation. 636 42

A disturbing interaction of PAN membranes and the bradykinin generation system particularly in the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has been described. A modified new membrane, SPAN (special PAN), was produced by varying the polymer components in type and composition, in particular by a reduction in Na-Methallylsulfonate. Although the SPAN membrane successfully averted the bradykinin generating ability of PAN, it was important to determine whether such a modification did not lead to a loss of the satisfactory biocompatibility profile characteristic of the parent membrane. For this purpose, we conducted the present clinical study in nine patients comparing 3 membranes; (i) a polysulphone membrane (F60S); (ii) PAN; and (iii) SPAN, to examine the clinical biocompatibility profile and performance of the new membrane. A small increase in C5a with F60S and SPAN was found which is in the range expected for highly biocompatible synthetic membranes. The three dialysers had a similar inert profile for terminal complement complex arterial values, and had similar venous values. A minimal nonsignificant decline in white cell count was observed at 15 min for all dialysers, but otherwise WBC counts were unchanged. Platelet counts were unchanged throughout treatment for the three dialysers. Arterial and venous thrombin-anti-thrombin complex values were similar for all three dialysers. F60S and SPAN dialysers had similar urea clearances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995
PMID:Synthetic modification of PAN membrane: biocompatibility and functional characterization. 749 15

As one aspect of bioincompatibility, the importance of activation of proteolytic systems as a result of an imbalance between protease and antiprotease activity has been increasingly recognized. This principle is illustrated by selected studies in our laboratory. These concern (i) generation of kinins on membranes with negative surface charge, (ii) activation of the complement system as a function of binding to the membrane of the regulatory protein H, (iii) generation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), and (iv) generation of plasmin/antiplasmin complexes with an interesting discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994
PMID:Role of proteinase/antiproteinase inhibitor disequilibrium in the bioincompatibility induced by artificial surfaces. 752 Oct 27

We compared peritoneal dialysis effluents from 18 CAPD patients who had not suffered from peritonitis during the last 6 months (group 1) with the effluents from five patients with acute peritonitis (group 2), measuring activation markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis. These markers included prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), fibrin monomer (FM), and fibrin degradation products (FbDP). In the dialysate of group 1 we found remarkably high levels of F1 + 2, TAT and FM concomitant with a high concentration of FbDP, indicating a high rate of intraperitoneal fibrin turnover. The balance between peritoneal generation and degradation of fibrin was disturbed in untreated patients of group 2, who had significantly higher levels of coagulation markers and a higher ratio between FM and FbDP. Seven days after treatment with intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics and heparin, F1 + 2, TAT, FM and FbDP decreased significantly. To evaluate the role of mesothelial cells (MC) in the high peritoneal fibrin turnover we investigated the expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and tissue factor in cultured human peritoneal MC under basal conditions and after exposure to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The exposure of MC to TNF alpha or to a lesser extent IL-1 alpha or LPS reduced their fibrinolytic activity by decreasing t-PA production and increasing PAI-1 synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995
PMID:Imbalance between intraperitoneal coagulation and fibrinolysis during peritonitis of CAPD patients: the role of mesothelial cells. 756 82

To investigate the possible relationships between blood pressure, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and platelet cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in patients with essential hypertension, we studied 17 patients with this disease aged 48 +/- 2 years and 17 normotensive controls aged 44 +/- 3 years. Platelet [Ca2+]i was measured by spectrofluorimetry using the dye Fura-2 acetoxymethylester. Patients with essential hypertension displayed lower levels of serum ionized Ca2+ (0.99 +/- 0.03 versus 1.1 +/- 0.01 mmol/l, P < 0.05) and higher serum intact PTH levels (37 +/- 3 versus 26 +/- pg/ml, (P < 0.01) than the normotensive controls. Although serum levels of intact PTH were significantly correlated with mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the combined group of subjects (r = 0.42, P < 0.05), there was no correlation when each group was considered separately. Resting platelet [Ca2+]i was also higher in patients than in controls (57 +/- 3 versus 48 +/- 2 nmol/l, P < 0.005). When platelets were stimulated in vitro with thrombin, the increment in [Ca2+]i was also greater in patients than in controls in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ (264 +/- 24 versus 194 +/- 19 nmol/l, P < 0.05) but not in its absence (123 +/- 12 versus 112 +/- 10 nmol/l). The thrombin-induced increment in [Ca2+]i was correlated with MAP in the hypertensive patients (r = 0.64, P < 0.01) and in the combined group of subjects (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). There was no relationship between resting or thrombin-induced [Ca2+]i and serum PTH in either group of patients or in the combined group of subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995
PMID:Parathyroid hormone and platelet cytosolic calcium concentration in essential hypertension. 779 32


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