Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.5 (thrombin)
 33,306 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen patients were given carefully controlled intravenous heparin for thromboembolic disease of pregnancy. Thirteen were treated in later gestation and postparium, mainly following warfin therapy. One was treated in early pregnancy and 4 in the postpartum period. Heparin was delivered by constant infusion and dosage regulated by maintaining the thrombin time at 2 to/ times normal. Therapy was stopped for a few hours before and after delivery so that the thrombin time was normal or nearly normal at birth. Two minor episodes of thrombosis recurred in 1 patient while on warfarin, and significant postpartum bleeding occurred in one other. Substituting heparin for warfarin in late gestation was of value in preventing neonatal bleeding complications.
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PMID:Thromboembolism in pregnancy. 107 85

In pre-eclampsia (PE), reduced levels of plasma urokinase-like plasminogen activator (u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), and increased levels of plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen were seen. The majority of moderate and severe pre-eclamptic women (7 out of 10) ended up with pre-term delivery as compared with 2 out of 11 who went on to term. Patients with moderate and severe PE had significantly lower levels (mean +/- SD, ng/ml) of PAI-2 (58.4 +/- 34.9) and u-PA antigen (1.61 +/- 0.62) as compared to those with mild PE (95.6 +/- 39.3 and 1.61 +/- 0.62 and 2.12 +/- 0.61, respectively). Significantly raised t-PA antigen (14.6 +/- 5.7 ng/ml) was seen in moderate and severe PE as compared with mild PE (9.9 +/- 3.4 ng/ml). PAI-1 activity was significantly raised only in moderate and severe PE as compared with normal pregnancy. There were no significant differences in thrombin-antithrombin-III complexes, D-dimer and beta-thromboglobulin levels between the PE group and normal pregnancy, although these parameters were above the non-pregnant levels. Platelets in PE were within the range found in normal pregnancy. It appears that measurements of plasma u-PA and PAI-2 levels in patients with PE may have prognostic value in determining the outcome of pregnancy in this pregnancy disorder.
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PMID:Plasminogen activators, plasminogen activator inhibitors and markers of intravascular coagulation in pre-eclampsia. 833 Jul 65

Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) migration and invasion is the crucial step for normal placental development. IL-11 is a cytokine regulating cell migration and invasion in cells and is a critical factor for successful implantation of an embryo. Higher expression of thrombin receptor PAR-1 was reported in early pregnancy. The precise role of thrombin in trophoblast functions is not well understood. In this study, we asked whether thrombin can induce IL-11 secretion in trophoblasts if yes, which physiological cell functions are possibly affected? In this study, HTR-8/SVneo cells, which were originally derived from first-trimester villous explants of early pregnancy were used as the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) model. BeWo cells were used as the cytotrophoblast model. For gene silencing, qPCR and ELISA, each experiment was performed in triplicates for minimum three times. Here, we found that thrombin stimulates IL-11 gene expression and protein secretion in HTR-8/SVneo cells but not in BeWo cells. PAR-1 was the only receptor which was highly expressed in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Thrombin-mediated expression and secretion of IL-11 were mainly activated via PAR-1 receptor. Rac1, but not Rho-kinase activation is required for thrombin-induced IL-11 secretion. We also found that thrombin stimulation significantly enhanced cell migration that was inhibited after silencing the IL-11 gene. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the role of thrombin in regulating human EVT migration via IL-11 secretion. We propose that thrombin might regulate EVT migration through the decidua and spiral artery remodeling. Failure of thrombin-dependent EVT migration results in pregnancy disorder, such as preeclampsia.
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PMID:Thrombin stimulates gene expression and secretion of IL-11 via protease-activated receptor-1 and regulates extravillous trophoblast cell migration. 3090 57