Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An E-like abnormal hemoglobin was detected in a hematological patient and one of the members of her family. The composition of blood hemolyzates was characterized using acetate cellulose electrophoresis. The abnormal beta-chain was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography of total globin on CM-cellulose. Using peptide mapping of the abnormal beta-chain trypsin hydrolysates, it was shown that the amino acid substitution occurs in peptide beta T3. The amino acid analysis and determination of the abnormal fragment C-terminal amino acid allowed to establish the locus and type of this substitution. The first case of hemoglobin E(alpha 2 beta 2 26Glu leads to Lys) identification on the territory of the USSR is reported.
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PMID:[Primary structure of abnormal E-like hemoglobin]. 45 12

In women employed in an industrial plant in direct contact with epoxide resins and their hardeners, the following biochemical parameters were determined in blood: total protein, seromucoid, haptoglobin, hemoglobin variants, methemoglobin, alpha1-inhibitor of trypsin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline and acid phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, leucylaminopeptidase, and alanine aminopeptidase. Depending on duration of work, Hb A2 fraction and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly, and aspartate aminotransferase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities decreased. In pregnant women, leucylaminopeptidase activity and isozyme of placental alkaline phosphatase were decreased.
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PMID:Evaluation of the influence of epoxide resins and their hardeners on the female body. II. Biochemical studies. 101 94

A geometric recognition algorithm was developed to identify molecular surface complementarity. It is based on a purely geometric approach and takes advantage of techniques applied in the field of pattern recognition. The algorithm involves an automated procedure including (i) a digital representation of the molecules (derived from atomic coordinates) by three-dimensional discrete functions that distinguishes between the surface and the interior; (ii) the calculation, using Fourier transformation, of a correlation function that assesses the degree of molecular surface overlap and penetration upon relative shifts of the molecules in three dimensions; and (iii) a scan of the relative orientations of the molecules in three dimensions. The algorithm provides a list of correlation values indicating the extent of geometric match between the surfaces of the molecules; each of these values is associated with six numbers describing the relative position (translation and rotation) of the molecules. The procedure is thus equivalent to a six-dimensional search but much faster by design, and the computation time is only moderately dependent on molecular size. The procedure was tested and validated by using five known complexes for which the correct relative position of the molecules in the respective adducts was successfully predicted. The molecular pairs were deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin, tRNA synthetase-tyrosinyl adenylate, aspartic proteinase-peptide inhibitor, and trypsin-trypsin inhibitor. A more realistic test was performed with the last two pairs by using the structures of uncomplexed aspartic proteinase and trypsin inhibitor, respectively. The results are indicative of the extent of conformational changes in the molecules tolerated by the algorithm.
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PMID:Molecular surface recognition: determination of geometric fit between proteins and their ligands by correlation techniques. 154 81

A gelatin-specific protease from the culture media of human pulmonary alveolar macrophages has been partial purified by gel filtration and characterized. The macrophages were obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage from the lungs of disease-free smoking volunteers. The gelatin-specific protease initially requires trypsin activation. After chromatographing the culture media on a Sephadex G-200 column, trypsin is no longer required for activation. The gelatin-specific protease reported here shares many properties of previously reported gelatinases. It is inhibited by EDTA, cysteine, dithiothreitol and serum. It is unaffected by other protease inhibitors: phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone and p-chloromercuribenzoate. Of all substrates tested activity was observed only with gelatin. It was inactive toward collagen, elastin and methemoglobin. This enzyme may have a role in the digestion of collagen which has been cleaved by a mammalian collagenase.
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PMID:Partial purification and characterization of a gelatin-specific protease from the culture media of human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. 626 74

The genes responsible for the transmission of sickle cell syndromes from one generation to the next were introduced into the new world during the 17th century. However, this disease was not recorded in the medical literature in the United States until 1910 by Herrick of Chicago. During the next 40 years, many additional cases were reported and a fairly large bibliography developed which dealt essentially with descriptive, clinical and pathological aspects of the disease. New interest in the syndrome occurred in 1949 when Pauling and his associates, employing chemical and electrophoretic techniques, showed that an abnormal hemoglobin was responsible for the sickling phenomenon. In the same year, Neel and Beet, working independently of each other, clarified the inheritance of the disease on the basis of the heterozygous-homozygous hypothesis. In 1958, Ingraham combined the techniques of electrophoresis, chromatography, and trypsin digestion ("fingerprinting") to show that the difference between hemoglobins A, C, and S was in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chains which make up the hemoglobin molecule. However, despite these notable advances, interest in the disease remained at a relatively low scientific and health care priority until February 1971, when President Nixon in his message to Congress indicated that greater attention and support for sickle cell disease should be made available at the national level. This paper will review some of the important legislative, political, and organizational initiatives which have had a significant impact on the development and implementation of the current national sickle cell disease program in the United States.
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PMID:Historical review of legislative and national initiatives for sickle cell disease. 636 20

Chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine and quinacrine have been found by difference spectroscopy to interact with hemozoin from Plasmodium berghei, trypsin and pronase-digested methemoglobin, hemin, heme, protoporphyrin IX and hematoporphyrin. These drugs also compete with one another in their binding to hemin. It is proposed that the iron-porphyrin moiety of digested hemoglobin is a common binding site for the accumulation of the schizontocidal drugs in the autophagosomes of the malarial parasite.
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PMID:Molecular complexes of quinoline antimalarials with iron-porphyrin components of protease-digested methemoglobin. 700 34

To test probable effect of the magnetic field (MF) on the dynamic structure of globular proteins the action of strong MF on proteolysis rate of methemoglobin and serum albumin with trypsin was studied. It has been found that the MF up to 10 T does not affect the proteolysis rate of these proteins and does not effect that of serum albumin with immobilized trypsin. This makes impossible consideration of the effect on the dynamic structure of globular proteins as a mechanism of the MF action on biological systems.
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PMID:[Hydrolysis of globular proteins with trypsin in a strong magnetic field]. 712 74

A survey of hemoglobinopathies which was carried out in the Takamatsu district during the period from January to August 1979 detected six families with abnormal hemoglobins. Approximately 6010 inhabitants were screened. Three of these families had the same new Hb variant (Hb Takamatsu beta 120 Lys leads to Gln) that has not been previously reported. Existence of a blood relationship among these three families could not be established even after careful family studies. This abnormal hemoglobin was not associated with adverse symptoms and gave normal hematologic findings in the carriers. The isopropranol test was negative, oxygen affinity was within the normal range, and biosynthetic ratio in reticulocytes was around 1.0. One of the difficulties in the structural analysis of this hemoglobin was related to complete superposition of abnormal beta XT-12b,13 on a beta T-8,9 peptide in the fingerprint of the trypsin digest of aminoethylated aberrant beta X chain. This was overcome by collection of abnormal tryptic beta core (beta XT-10-13) from unmodified beta X chain, and subsequent digestion by chymotrypsin. Edman analysis of the chymotryptic peptides thus obtained successfully confirmed the substitution to be beta 120 Lys leads to Gln.
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PMID:Hemoglobin takamatsu (beta 120 (GH 3) Lys leads to Gln): a new abnormal hemoglobin detected in three unrelated families in the takamatsu area of shikoku. 739 Aug 62

A 68-year-old female visited our hospital because of low hemoglobin A1c content, which was found by chance at a health checkup. She did not have any symptom or sign except hypertension and low HbA1c. To determine the reason why HbA1c was so low in usual laboratory test, we carried out isoelectrofocusing (IEF) of the hemolysate, Hb instability test, and detection and isolation of the abnormal globin chain by urea CM-cellulose column chromatography. The abnormal beta-globin chain was digested with TPCK-trypsin, and the tryptic peptides were separated by HPLC on a reversed phase column. Finally the determination of amino acid composition and amino acid sequence of the abnormal peptide were performed. The Hb variant was identified as Hb Riyadh (beta 120Lys-->Asn). The detection and analysis of abnormal hemoglobin will be expected to increase in accordance with the increased opportunity of public health checkup.
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PMID:[An abnormal hemoglobin which was found by chance at a health checkup]. 767 38

Blood specimens dried on filter paper are now widely used for neonatal screening of hemoglobinopathies. These samples are perfectly suited for electrophoresis studies and HPLC analysis. They may also be used for DNA analysis. The structural characterization of a hemoglobin variant is also possible using protein chemistry methods. After elution of the hemoglobin from the paper, the different components are fractionated by a microscale preparative isoelectric focusing. The structural modification of the abnormal hemoglobin is then determined through a series of techniques including chain separation, aminoethylation, trypsin digestion, analysis of the peptides and determination of their aminoacid composition. The efficiency of this strategy is demonstrated by the study of an alpha-chain variant (Hb Hasharon) and three beta-chain variants (Hb S, Hb D Punjab, Hb E). Unambiguous identification of the structural abnormality was obtained with samples stored for up to 18 months and with abnormal fractions amounting to only approximately 10% of the total lysate.
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PMID:Structural characterization of abnormal hemoglobins from dried blood specimens in a neonatal screening program. 821 61


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