Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lysosomal fraction was isolated from rat liver by density gradient centrifugation after pervious loading of lysosomes in vivo with Triton WR-1339. Tritosome preparations were incubated at 37 degrees C and pH 5 for 24 hr with purified human ceruloplasmin or haptoglobin. After this period approximately 20% of total alpha amino nitrogen was released from ceruloplasmin and over 40% from haptoglobin. This was accompanied by loss of peroxidase activity of haptoglobin (in complex with haemoglobin), while enzymatic activity of ceruloplasmin remained unaltered. Removal of sialic acid by neuraminidase had no effect on digestion of ceruloplasmin by rat liver tritosomes. Both glycoproteins were resistant to horse leucocyte proteinases and pancreatic eleastase but were easily inactivated by trypsin and chymotrypsin.
 ...
PMID:Degradation and inactivation of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin by rat liver lysosomes and some other proteinases. 65 34

A series of 62 diarylamidine derivatives was evaluated for their antiproteolytic activity. In all but two of the compounds one or both of the amidino-substituted aryl moieties was either an indole or an indole-like ring. The latter included indene, benzimidazole, benzofuran, benzol[beta]thiophene, and several other related nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Several of the compounds exhibited considerable inhibitory potency against thrombin, trypsin, and pancreatic kallikrein. An outstanding inhibitor of trypsin was found in bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane (compound 42) with a Ki value of 1.7 X 10(-8) M(pH. 8.1, 37 degrees C). Another derivative, 1,2-di(4-amidino-2-benzofuranyl)ethane (compound 21), proved to be a highly effective inhibitor of the overall blood clotting process. From a general structure-activity standpoint these compounds demonstrate that minor structural variations of low-molecular-weight inhibitors can result in significant changes in specificity and potency with regard to antiproteolytic activity.
 ...
PMID:Diarylamidine derivatives with one or both of the aryl moieties consisting of an indole or indole-like ring. Inhibitors of arginine-specific esteroproteases. 67 60

Soya, in spite of its high nutritional value and moderate cost, possesses certain undesirable qualities which limit its use in animal and human nutrition. The amendment of these qualities has resulted in much work. In this study the effects of technological treatments on the properties of certain protein fractions capable of being produced industrially were observed. Three fractions were prepared from defatted soybean flour of the "Harosoy 63" variety: an acid-precipitated fraction, a cold-insoluble fraction at 0-3 degrees C, and a water-soluble fraction. The properties of the fractions were studied both before denaturation and after denaturation by either heat or alcohol. The degree of proteolysis of each fraction by two digestive enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, was measured by the increase of non-protein nitrogen as a function of time. Several methods were used for electrophoretic analysis. The results showed that the thermal treatment at 100 degrees C and the treatment with varying concentrations of ethanol (from 10 to 100 p. 100) modified electrophoretic diagrams and the solubility of the proteins in trichloracetic acid. Moderate, moist heating of the protein fractions (100 degrees C, 20 mn) before proteolysis by pepsin and trypsin, in general, favored proteolysis. The most marked effect observed was in the acid-precipitated fraction (in which Kunitz inhibitor was concentrated treated by trypsin. Heating the fractions beyond thirty minutes had a negative effect on proteolysis: the level of proteolysis was the same, or in some cases, lower than before denaturation, especially on subsequent treatment with pepsin. The effects of the ethanol treatment were different from that of heat: the proteolysis was accelerated only with the acid-precipitated fraction.
 ...
PMID:[Denaturation and enzymatic proteolysis in vitro of protein fractions of soya flour]. 76 45

Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating type a cells enlarged and elongated when exposed to alpha-factor, a sex pheromone produced by mating-type alpha cells. This morphogensis required exogenous-D-glucose, nitrogen, and phosphate, and cells in exponential phase responded better than stationary-phase cells. Morphogenesis was blocked by cycloheximide and by inhibitors of cell wall biosynthesis such as 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose, and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose, but not by polyoxin D. One to two hours after addition of pheromone, a cells became more susceptible to lysis by glucanases, a change that was dependendent on the dose of alpha-factor and was blocked by drugs that block morphogenesis. On the other hand, treatment with alpha-factor did not increase susceptibility to attack by trypsin, subtilisin, or exo-alpha-mannanase. Radioactive label, incorporated into cell wall polysaccharides during treatment with alpha-factor, was not secreted into the medium during morphogenesis. Analysis of the labeled wall polymers showed that alpha-factor-treated cells contain more glucan and less mannan than control cells, and that the mannan of treated cells contains an increased proportion of shorter side chains and unsubstituted backbone mannose units. Thin-section electron microscopy of treated cells revealed that the cell wall possesses a diffuse outer layer in the extension and is thinner at the tip.
 ...
PMID:Morphogenic effects of alpha-factor on Saccharomyces cerevisiae a cells. 77 42

The amino acid composition of protein was studied with Bacillus megaterium. Most of the essential amino acids are present in sufficient amounts, with the exception of sulphur-containing amino acids and probably tryptophan. The content of methionine is 2 percent. The proteins of the biomass are easily digested by trypsin. The culture of Bac. megaterium grows in a mineral medium containing 5 percent of sucrose or glucose. The yield of dry biomass recalculated for the sugar consumed decreases from 0.6 to 0.3 with an increase of the sugar concentration. The addition of molasses or corn steep increases the yield of the biomass to 15--20 g of dry matter per one litre of the medium. The biomass grown under these conditions contains 8--9 percent of nitrogen, 40 percent of protein, up to 30 percent of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in the form of granular inclusions, and 10--14 percent of RNA.
 ...
PMID:[Bacillus megaterium as a possible source of protein]. 80 43

Extensive metabolic studies were conducted in five normal controls and in five study patients after total gastric resection with Roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction to determine the nutritional consequences of this particular technique of restoring gastrointestinal continuity. Although malabsorption of fat (19.2 +/- 2.2%) and nitrogen (22 +/- 2.5%) demonstrated in the study patients was moderate, it was significantly greater than normal ( less than 0.01). In spite of the demonstrated malabsorption, however, positive nitrogen balances (+ 0.33 +/- 0.18 gm/day) were maintained in the RY patients throughout the investigative period. These observations suggest that malabsorption after RY is infrequently of clinical significance, even in this "worst-case" situation characterized by complete removal of gastric tissue. Malnutrition should occur in only those patients with more limited gastric resections and RY reconstruction who are unable to increase caloric intake to cover losses due to malabsorption. A significant decrease in both trypsin and lipase concentrations and a marked delay in secretion of these enzymes was noted in the RY patients in response to a test meal (p less than 0.01). Malabsorption of fat and nitrogen in RY patients improved after exogenous pancreatic enzymes, but not after administration of tetracycline. Bacterial overgrowth as a cause of postoperative malabsorption may be less important than previously thought. Malabsorption after RY is due primarily to maldigestion brought about by duodenal bypass which, in turn, results in either an absolute or a relative pancreatic enzyme insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiology and significance of malabsorption after Roux-en-Y reconstruction. 87 Oct 13

A continuous attached cell strain has been developed from the IPRI-CF-124 line of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. This was done by discarding suspended cells at each passage, rinsing attached cells with 0.05% trypsin and using only the strongly attached cells for subculturing. The method is very effective in that the proportion of attached cells increased from 6% in the parent cell line to 97% in the new cell strain after 20 passages. The attachment and growth properties are stable after storage of cells in liquid nitrogen. The new cell strain is designated IPRI-CF-124T and has a population doubling time comparable to that of the parent cell line.
 ...
PMID:Development of an attached strain from a continuous insect cell line. 90 69

Different procedures commonly used for extraction, purification, and concentration of staphylococcal enterotoxins from foods were investigated with 131I- and 125I-labeled staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Loss of labeled enterotoxin A was compared with loss of total nitrogen. The results showed that in most of the common procedures, such as gel filtration, ion exchange, and heat treatment, the percentage of loss of labeled enterotoxin A was greater than the loss of total nitrogen. Chloroform extraction and acid precipitation with hydrochloric acid had nearly the same effect on the purification of both labeled enterotoxin A and total nitrogen. Ammonium sulfate precipitation proved to be practical and was successfully used for purification of enterotoxin A from sausage extract. Simultaneous use of trypsin and Pseudomonas peptidase for treatment of food extracts considerably reduced food proteins capable of interfering with serological detection of enterotoxins but did not essentailly influence the loss of enterotoxin A.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of different purification procedure for extraction of staphylococcal enterotoxin A from foods. 98 24

The time-courses of proteolytic activities in pancreatic tissue and the contents of the small intestine (the intestinal contents) were determined in rats maintained on a diet containing 30% of various proteins after a switchover from a diet containing 12% casein. 1. The proteolytic activity of the pancreatic tissue quickly responded to change of dietary proteins--within 1 to 6 days--with respect to organ weight, nitrogen content and proteolytic activity, in rats receiving diets containing 30% casein, ovalbumin, lactalbumin, gluten, gelatin or zein. 2. However, the proteolytic activity in the intestinal contents did not necessarily coincide with the pancreatic digestive function; an approximately threefold increase of enzyme activity was demonstrated on the fifth day of feeding in rats receiving gluten. 3. The proteolytic activity in the intestinal contents returned to the initial level on the eighth day in the gluten-fed rats, but those rats maintained on a lysine-supplemented gluten diet exhibited no such elevation of proteolytic activity. 4. No significant difference in pancreatic composition was shown up to the eighth day between the group receiving gluten alone in diet and that receiving the same diet but supplemented with lysine, under the condition of equally restricted food intake. Intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin levels, however, were higher in the gluten-fed rats, suggesting that the depressed rate of enzyme inactivation in the small intestine might be the principal cause of the finding described under (2) above.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dietary protein on proteolytic activities in the pancreatic tissue and contents of the small intestine in rats. 121 81

It was established that in the carp the process of embryonic and early postembryonic development was accompanied by the increase in the activity of both the trypsin- and chemotrypsin-like peptide hydrolases. This increase is most evident in larvae with resorbing yolk. The total and protein nitrogen content suffers no changes during embryonic and early postembryonic development. The content of non-protein nitrogen increases from the stage of the middle of segmentation on attaining the maximum level in larvae with resorbing yolk.
 ...
PMID:[Peptide hydrolase activity during embryonic carp development]. 121 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>