Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The autolytic enzyme (endo-beta-1,4-N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase) of Streptococcus faecium (S. faecalis ATCC 9790) was released in a soluble form from insoluble cell wall-autolytic enzyme complexes by treatment with dilute NaOH at 0 degree C. Treatment of cell wall-enzyme complexes, obtained from either exponential- or stationary-phase cells, with 0.008 to 0.01 N NaOH gave maximum yields of autolytic enzyme activity. At a fixed concentration of NaOH, the yield of autolysin increased with increasing wall densities and was accompanied by the release of methylpentose and phosphorus in amounts proportional to the autolysin. Since extraction of wall-enzyme complexes with 4.5 M LiCl at 0 degree C also removed methylpentose and phosphorus, release of enzyme with NaOH did not appear to result from hydrolysis of covalent linkages. The autolytic enzyme activity released from intact cells, or cell walls, was predominantly in the later (proteinase activable) form which could be activated by trypsin or a proteinase present in commerical bovine plasma albumin.
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PMID:Release of autolytic enzyme from Streptococcus, faecium cell walls by treatment with dilute alkali. 11 Jul 65

Glycophorin A, the major human erythrocyte sialoglycoprotein, contains a significant amount of phosphorus when isolated by the lithium diiodosalicylate-phenol procedure. Only a small percentage (approximately 1%) of this phosphorus is phosphoprotein. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of glycophorin A has identified the remaining phosphorus content as phospholipid in origin. From the 31P chemical shifts, the phospholipid has been identified as diphosphoinositide. 31P NMR spectra of the peptides produced by trypsin hydrolysis of glycophorin A reveal that all the diphosphoinositide is closely associated with the hydrophobic region of the protein, suggesting that there is a specific affinity between this phospholipid and the intramembranous portion of glycophorin A.
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PMID:31P nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for polyphosphoinositide associated with the hydrophobic segment of glycophorin A. 19 Oct 66

Staphylococcus aureus protease has been spin-labelled at the active-site serine residue with the monocyclic-phosphorus spin label (MSL), 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-peperi-dinylethylphosphorofluoridate. The electron paramagnetic resonance (E.P.R.) sbectra of the protease in different buffers at various pH's have been analyzed and compared with those of trypsin, subtilisin BPN', and alpha-chymotrypsin under identical conditions. In a given buffer, the shape of E.P.R. signals of spin-labelled staphylococcal protease is unaffected by pH changes except below pH 4.0, at which a gradual loss of conformational integrity of the active site occurs. In bicarbonate buffer and particularly in acetate buffer, the mobility of the label is much more restricted than in phosphate buffer or in potassium chloride solution. The implications of this finding are discussed in terms of a model whereby the label is able to orient towards two different but adjacent regions of the active site. The relative population of the label in each of these orientations is believed to be buffer-dependent. An attempt to correlate the shape of the te.p.r. signals with the pH values of maximal proteolytic avtivity of the enzyme is also presented. These results show that to obtain meaningful information from a comparative spin label study of the geometry of the active site of serine proteases, particular care should be exercised to assure that the different proteases experience identical conditions of pH, buffer, and temperature.
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PMID:Structural studies of staphylococcal protease. I. Spin labelling of the active site and a comparison with other proteases. 23 78

Pancreatitis was induced in 11 miniature pigs by infusing a bile salt-trypsin solution into the pancreatic duct. Seven animals served as sham-operated controls. Serum ionized calcium, total calcium, albumin, total protein, inorganic phosphorus, urea nitrogen, magnesium, insulin, glucagon, and hematocrit were determined every six to 12 h over a period of one week in both test and control animals. We observed significant decreases in ionized and total calcium, modest decreases in albumin, and significant increases in the inorganic phosphorus, urea nitrogen, and hematocrit in the pancreatitic pigs. The latter two findings were consistent with early acute hypovolemia. Glucagon and insulin appeared to play no role in the hypocalcemia. Glucagon concentrations increased to the same degree in both test and control animals, probably as a result of the stress of being handled and operated on. The highest concentrations of inorganic phosphorus and the lowest concentrations of both ionized and total calcium were seen 18 h after the induction of pancreatitis in the test animals. These findings suggest that parathyrin (parathormone) was not being secreted in adequate amounts, or that the target organs were unresponsive to parathyrin.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in a porcine model of acute pancreatitis. 65 76

The present study was designed to determine the characteristics of the progesterone receptor and chromatin binding site ("acceptor") of the progesterone-receptor complex in the rabbit uterus. The uterus was obtained from an estrogen-primed immature female rabbit. The binding of progesterone to the uterine receptor was examined in vitro. The progesterone-receptor binding was reduced only by proteases, and phosphorus moiety may not be related for progesterone-receptor binding. The effects of enzymes on the acceptor of the chromatin were investigated. The progesterone-receptor complex was bound to the dehistonized chromatin. The dehistonized chromatins, which were pretreated with enzymes at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C for 30 minutes, were incubated with 3H-progesterone prelabeled uterine cytosol at 4 degrees C for 30 minutes, and the radioactivity in the chromatin pellet was counted. Proteases effectively decreased the receptor binding capacity to the dehistonized chromatin in the following order: pronase greater than trypsin greater than papain greater alpha-chymotrypsin. DNAse moderately and phospholipase A slightly decreased its binding capacity. The results may indicate that the acceptor site of the progesterone receptor is nonhistone protein over DNA of chromatin and may contain phosphorus moiety.
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PMID:[The effect of enzymes on progesterone-receptor binding and chromatin binding of the complex in the estrogen-primed rabbit uterus (author's transl)]. 72 Jun 96

Untreated, decalcified and trypsinized acervuli from human pineal bodies were studied with the scanning and transmission electron microscope as well as by electron probe microanalysis. The mulberry-like acervuli are composed of a various number of spherical lobes (135-800 mum) between which clustered groups of globuli (4--14 mum in diameter) are observed. The acervular lobes are very probably formed by an aggregation of these globuli. Small round particles 125--500 A in diameter are observed on the surface of the pineal concretions. These are not influenced by either decalcification or trypsin treatment. The acervular mineral corresponds morphologically to hydroxyapatite. The electron probe microanalysis reveals the existence of calcium and phosphorus as main components of the acervuli. Small quantities of magnesium and strontium were also detected.
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PMID:A combined scanning and transmission electron microscopic study and electron probe microanalysis of human pineal acervuli. 99 Dec 57

1. The proximate analysis of raw Syrian lentils (Lens esculentus), variety red chick pea (Cicer arietinum) variety balady, has been made. The protein content of the two raw seeds were 23 and 22 g% for lentils and chick peas, respectively. Ethereal extract, fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus and iron content of the two raw seeds have been also assayed. 2. The levels of most of the amino acids were also estimated in the raw and cooked seeds. It was found that tryptophan- and sulphur-containing amino acids were the most limiting ones. Cooking the seeds by the same methods commonly used in Syria resulted in the loss of most of the amino acids, with the exception of lysine and tryptophan which were slightly increased. 3. Trypsin inhibitors and saponins were detected in the raw seeds. Haemagglutinins were present in raw lentils only. Cooking the seeds destroyed the trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins and did not affect the saponins. 4. The net protein utilization of whole lentils and chick peas were 38 and 53, respectively. Decortication of lentils or cooking without decortication has no effect on the NPU values. Cooking the decorticated lentil seeds raised its NPU values from 38 to 56. Cooking chick peas resulted in a slight increase in their NPU. Supplementation of the raw and treated seeds with methionine and tryptophan raised its NPU values markedly.
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PMID:Nutritive studies on some raw and prepared leguminous seeds commonly used in the Arab Republic of Syria. 102 Mar 73

Preparations representing populations of (a) basal and spinous cells, (b) granular cells, and (c) stratum corneum cells were obtained by successive treatments of epidermal slices from pig skin with dilute buffered trypsin solutions. Total lipids accounted for about 8% of the cell dry weight in each of the three populations. Phospholipids, which predominated in the basal and spinous cells, accounted for only 21% of the total lipids in the granular cells and less than 0.1% in the stratum corneum. The latter cells contained more cholesterol (23% of total lipid) than either the granular cells (18%) or the basal and spinous cells (8%). The proportion of ceramide was also much higher in the stratum corneum (17%) and granular cells (9%) than in the basal and spinous cells (1%). The relative amounts of glycosphingolipid (glucosylceramide) and cholesteryl sulfate in the total lipids of stratum corneum cells were less than half those in the granular cells and basal and spinous cells. A novel phospholipid was a major component (26% of total) of the phospholipids from granular cells. The compound, which was partially characterized, contained phosphorus, fatty acids, and glycerol (molar ratio 1:3:2) and appeared to be a neutral derivative of phosphatidic acid.
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PMID:Different populations of pig epidermal cells: isolation and lipid composition. 119 87

A Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase, purified from cardiac microsomal membranes by solubilization and chromatography, is identified as cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase on the basis of its electrophoretic mobility and its trypsin digestion pattern. The ATPase (both in membranous and purified form) is stimulated by calmodulin, while the skeletal muscle ATPase is not. Rapid kinetic experiments demonstrate that the calmodulin stimulation is already present within the first enzyme cycle following the addition of ATP, and consists of an increased turnover of the phosphorylated enzyme intermediate. The calmodulin effect does not involve the phosphorylation of any protein other than the ATPase. Following the incubation of ATPase with [gamma-32P]ATP, even in conditions of calmodulin stimulation, radioactive phosphorus is found only on the ATPase electrophoretic band, corresponding to the phosphorylated enzyme intermediate. These observations, together with the results obtained for [125I]calmodulin binding to the ATPase, suggest that the stimulation in turnover produced by calmodulin on the ATPase is due to a direct effect on the enzyme. This may provide an independent regulation of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, in addition to the known regulation mediated by other accessory proteins.
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PMID:Effect of calmodulin on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isolated from cardiac muscle. 138 34

Arachin, the major protein from groundnut, was isolated from three varieties of groundnut (Spanish Improved, TMV-2 and DH-3-30) using a modified procedure involving precipitation with 18% ammonium sulphate to obtain homogeneous protein. The homogeneity was judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration and sedimentation velocity techniques as well as correlation with amino acid composition. Rates of hydrolysis of arachins by trypsin (pH 7.6) and alpha-chymotrypsin (pH 7.8) were significantly different between the three varieties. Arachin from the Spanish Improved variety contained higher amounts of alanine and phenylalanine and lower amounts of carbohydrate and phosphorus as compared to TMV-2 and DH-3-30. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of arachin from TMV-2 showed only seven bands of which the ones with low molecular weight were more intense than those of the other two varieties. The far-ultraviolet circular dichroic spectra showed no significant differences among the three varieties in respect of alpha-helix content (5 +/- 2%), beta-structure (19 +/- 2%) and the aperiodic structure. The observed differences in hydrolysis rates have been explained as due to the differences in the acidic and basic subunits of arachins.
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PMID:Effect of different proteolytic enzymes on the nature of subunit composition of arachins from groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). 139 8


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