Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lysates of purified Rickettsia tsutsugamushi revealed as many as 30 polypeptide bands, including major bands corresponding to molecular sizes of 70, 60, 54 to 56, and 46 to 47 kilodaltons. Compared with the polypeptide composition of the rickettsiae of Gilliam, Karp, and Kato strains and a newly isolated Shimokoshi strain, the major polypeptide in the Kato strain (54-56K) and in the Karp strain (46-47K) migrated a little faster and slower, respectively, than the corresponding polypeptides in the other strains. The largest major polypeptide (54-56K) was digestible by the treatment of intact rickettsiae with trypsin and variable in content in separate preparations, suggesting that the polypeptide exists on the rickettsial surface and is easily degraded during the handling of these microorganisms. Several surface polypeptides of rickettsiae, including the 54-56K and 46-47K polypeptides, were detected by radioiodination of intact rickettsiae followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the lysate; however, the 70K and 60K polypeptides were not labeled. Immunoblotting experiments with hyperimmune sera prepared in guinea pigs against each strain demonstrated that the 70K, 54-56K, and 46-47K polypeptides showed antigenic activities. The 54-56K polypeptide appeared to be strain specific, whereas the 70K and 46-47K polypeptides cross-reacted with the heterologous antisera.
...
PMID:Analysis of polypeptide composition and antigenic components of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. 392 93

The cold-adapted temperature-sensitive (ts) influenza virus strain A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) multiplied well at 32 degrees C (optimal temperature); lower titres of infectious virus were obtained in developing chick embryos at 40 degrees C. In a canine kidney (MDCK) cell line and in primary calf kidney (CK) cells an increased reproduction of the virus was found at 40 degrees C especially in the presence of trypsin. The ratios of virus titres obtained at optimal versus higher temperatures (RCT40) were by 1,000 times lower than those found in chick embryos. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a comparable synthesis of the cold-adapted influenza virus strain polypeptides HA, NP, M and NS in MDCK cells, regardless whether they were incubated at optimal or non-permissive temperatures.
...
PMID:Partial change of the ts-phenotype of cold-adapted influenza virus strain grown in canine kidney cells in the presence of trypsin. 612 30

Partially purified IgE receptor(s) of rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL) designated R and H and having apparent molecular weight of 45,000 and 55,000 daltons, respectively, were subjected to proteolysis with papain. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the digests in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a difference in the size and number of the fragments produced. These results suggest that these two receptor molecules are different with respect to amino acid composition and sequence. Whole Nonidet P-40 extracts of RBL cells were also subjected to digestions with papain, trypsin and chymotrypsin in an attempt to obtain receptor fragments still capable of binding to IgE-Sepharose. Treatment with papain produced a 38,000 dalton fragment of H but no fragments of R which retained the ability to bind to IgE. Tryptic and chymotryptic treatment produced a 41,000 dalton fragment of H with affinity for IgE. The IgE-binding site of R was either destroyed or not affected at all.
...
PMID:Proteolytic fragments of the receptors for IgE. 621 Jun 30

Proteolytic activity in mastitic skim-milk was often 5-10 fold higher than in normal milk, its level being related to somatic cell count but not precisely correlated with it. In milks with the highest levels of activity plasmin accounted for about one third of the total proteinase. A further third was sedimented with the micellar fraction together with the plasmin, but unlike plasmin, was not inhibited by addition of soyabean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). The final third remained in the serum phase. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that alpha-sl- and beta-caseins were degraded at about the same overall rate. The plasmin produced the usual readily identified fragments from beta-casein, but incubation of mastitic milk also produced changes in patterns in the gamma-casein region differing from plasmin-induced changes, which were also apparent when the micellar fraction was incubated. As they were inhibited by SBTI, a second trypsin-like enzyme in addition to plasmin may also have been present. Other proteinase(s) not inhibited by SBTI was also associated with casein micelles and produced at least 3 characteristic protein fragments seen on PAGE. The serum phase proteinase(s) was likewise not inhibited by SBTI, and did not produce any well-defined electrophoretic bands, suggesting a rather non-specific breakdown of caseins. After separation of mastitic whole milk, a considerable proportion of the proteolytic activity was found in the cream phase. The proportion was enhanced by freezing and thawing, and the enzyme appeared to be identical to the SBTI-resistant micellar proteinase. Because of the considerable proteolysis likely to occur under the time and temperature conditions involved, our results may provide some explanation for the problems encountered in cheesemaking with mastitic milks (e.g. yield losses, poor curd strength and off-flavour development).
...
PMID:Qualitative and quantitative determination of proteolysis in mastitic milks. 621 34

Bovine rotavirus was found to multiply efficiently in LLC-MK2 cells, a continuous line of rhesus monkey kidney, with a growth cycle which was essentially completed within 9 h after infection. The presence of low concentrations of trypsin (10 microgram/ml) in the virus inoculum was essential for infectivity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of infected cell extracts demonstrated the synthesis of at least eight virus-specific polypeptides 6 h post-infection with mol. wt. ranging from 102 X 10(3) to 29 X 10(3). Six polypeptides (about p102K, p91K, p84K, p37K and p34K) were identified as structural components of the virion. Two other polypeptides (54K and p29K) were identified as non-structural components. The synthesis of non-structural polypeptides appeared to precede that of the structural proteins. Pulse-chase experiments showed only one minor post-translation modification of the virus-specified proteins, namely an increase in the mobility of the 29K polypeptide.
...
PMID:Protein synthesis in cells infected with bovine rotavirus. 626 84

The lymphokine activity, macrophage aggregation factor (MAgF) has been investigated further. Activity was consistently found in 24 hr test, but not control, spleen cell culture supernatants. This was higher after dialysis against water, than in the original culture supernatants. MAgF was heat-stable, inactivated by alpha-chymotrypsin, partially inactivated by trypsin and not affected by neuraminidase. Activity was recovered from the supernatant after protein precipitation with 1 M perchloric acid, leading to a modest purification. Activity was only marginally reduced after treatment with periodate, and was not absorbed by Concanavalin A-Sepharose. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that MAgF migrated cathodally to albumin. Aggregation, as measured in a batch centrifugation assay, was an expression both of cell-substrate and cell--cell adhesion.
...
PMID:Macrophage aggregation factor: some properties. 628 38

We succeeded in isolating human rotaviruses from the feces of gastroenteritis patients by using roller cultures of primary cynomolgus monkey kidney cells with trypsin in the maintenance medium but without concentration and trypsin treatment of the inocula at each passage level. These cells were found to be more sensitive than MA-104 cells (derived from fetal rhesus monkey kidney) for the propagation of human rotaviruses. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genome RNA revealed that there were small differences in the migration pattern of the segments among all the strains isolated from 1976 to 1981. The cultivation of human rotaviruses in primary cell cultures might aid in developing a liver rotavirus vaccine.
...
PMID:Isolation of human rotaviruses in primary cultures of monkey kidney cells. 628 68

Granule contents from rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils were prepared by extraction with 0.2 M acetate (pH 4), dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7), and tested for bactericidal activity. Bactericidal assays consisted of mixing rat granule extract with 1 x 10(3) to 3 x 10(3) bacterial cells per ml at 37 degrees C for 1 h in a medium suited for bacterial growth. The granule extract demonstrated a distinctive dose-dependent bactericidal activity against outer membrane lipopolysaccharide mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, independent of added hydrogen peroxide or other active oxygen derivatives. The rough bacterial mutants showed an ordered increase in sensitivity to the rat lysosomal extracts inversely related to the length of their lipopolysaccharide carbohydrate side chains. Fractionation of the rat polymorphonuclear neutrophil granule extract with Sephadex G-100 column chromatography revealed an elution profile containing three major areas (peaks) of protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and examination of enzymatic activity showed that these peaks contained myeloperoxidase (peak A), neutral protease (peak B), and lysozyme (peak C) activities. Also observed in peak C were cationic protein species whose cathodal electrophoretic migration was faster than that for lysozyme. Only peak C exhibited a bactericidal activity against the rough mutants of S. typhimurium LT-2 similar to that obtained for the unfractionated granule extract, with susceptibility of the bacterial mutants increasing with a progressive loss of carbohydrate residues in the lipopolysaccharide of the cell wall. The bactericidal activity of the peak C protein fraction was dose dependent. Boiling the unfractionated granule extract or peak C for 30 min had little affect on their antimicrobial activity when reacted against a deep-rough lipopolysaccharide mutant. However, trypsin pretreatment of these fractions significantly reduced their antimicrobial activity for the same mutant chemotype.
...
PMID:Bactericidal activity of granule contents from rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 629 56

From 105 field cases of diarrhea in neonatal or young foals, rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy (EM) and/or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the feces of 65 foals on 16 different premises. ELISA was performed with Rotazyme test kits developed by Abbot and Company for the detection of rotaviruses. Twenty-four field isolates from the feces of diarrheic foals with equine rotavirus infection as ascertained by EM were placed in MA-104 cell cultures after pretreatment of the viral suspension with 10 micrograms ml-1 of trypsin and incorporation of 0.5 micrograms ml-1 or 1 microgram ml-1 of trypsin in Earle's minimal essential medium (MEM), 2% lactalbumen hydrolysate, and antibiotics. The isolates that replicated in cell culture produced varying degrees of cytopathic effect. After the 24 isolates had been transferred 5 or 7 times in cell culture, viral particles were observed in 17 by EM, and 22 had positive ELISA tests as determined by visual color chart and spectrophotometric readings. Concentrated tissue-cultured viral antigen of 9 isolates fixed complement using Nebraska calf diarrhea rotavirus calf antiserum while four isolates gave negative results. The same 13 tissue-cultured viral suspensions failed to fix complement using reovirus antiserum. The 9th passages of two isolates (EID1 and EID2) yielded titers of 10(4.45) ml-1 TCID50 and of 10(4.95) ml-1 TCID50, respectively, as measured by cytopathic effect. After 13 tissue-cultured passages, 2 other isolates, EID3 and EID4, each had titers of 10(6.2) ml-1 TCID50 and of 10(5.95) ml-1 TCID, respectively. Cytoplasmic or intranuclear inclusions were not seen in any cells of the MA-104 infected cell cultures. Small, but distinct, plaques in MA-104 cell cultures were produced by the EID1 isolate. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis tests of EID1 and EID2 isolates at the 9th cell passage and EID3 and EID4 isolates at the 13th cell passage each showed that the RNA genome had 11 segments with a migrating pattern that was identical for each isolate and characteristic of rotaviruses. These 4 equine tissue-cultured isolates when tested by ELISA, utilizing a monoclonal antibody serum pool that cross-reacted with many rotavirus isolates, each gave positive values comparable to rotavirus antigen controls.
...
PMID:The isolation, propagation and characterization of tissue-cultured equine rotaviruses. 632 75

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli that had been grown in a medium containing 32Pi disclosed the presence of several 32P-labeled proteins. Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns obtained in the presence of carrier unlabeled purified E. coli glutamine synthetase before and after treatment with trypsin, subtilisin, or snake venom phosphodiesterase showed that most of the 32P was present in the adenylyl moieties of adenylylated glutamine synthetase. Low molecular weight 32P-labeled degradation products of glutamine synthetase were also observed in extracts prepared by treatment of cells with lysozyme but not in extracts prepared by sonic oscillation. The degradation of glutamine synthetase in lysozyme-prepared extracts is likely due to an intrinsic proteolytic activity of egg white lysozyme. Proteolysis probably occurs at the esterase site of lysozyme described by Piszkiewicz and Bruice [Piszkiewicz, D. & Bruice, T.C. (1968) Biochemistry 7, 3037-3047]. Selective carboxymethylation of lysozyme histidine-15 leads to simultaneous loss of esterase and protease activities but only to partial loss of lytic activity. In view of these findings, caution is needed in the interpretation of results obtained with extracts of cells prepared by lysozyme treatment, especially when such extracts are used to investigate the properties of proteolytic enzymes.
...
PMID:A proteolytic artifact associated with the lysis of bacteria by egg white lysozyme. 634 Jan 15


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>

---