Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The complete amino acid sequence of calmodulin from Euglena gracilis was determined by isolation and sequence analyses of peptides derived from calmodulin by digestion with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. Euglena calmodulin consists of 148 amino acid residues; it lacks tryptophan and cysteine and contains one tyrosine, three histidine and two NE-trimethyllysine residues/molecule of the protein. Its N-terminus was blocked with an acetyl group and C-terminal lysine was trimethylated. Euglena calmodulin is the first calmodulin so far examined in which the C-terminal lysine is trimethylated. The comparison of amino acid sequences between Euglena and human brain calmodulins indicated 17 amino acid substitutions in Euglena calmodulin.
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PMID:Amino acid sequence of calmodulin from Euglena gracilis. 157 65

Subfragment-1 was prepared from adult chicken pectoralis myosin by limited digestion with alpha-chymotrypsin, and an amino-terminal 23 kDa fragment of the heavy chain was obtained by digesting the subfragment-1 with trypsin. The 205-residue sequence of the fragment was determined by sequencing its cyanogen bromide, tryptic, and chymotryptic peptides. The amino-terminal alpha-amino group of the fragment was acetylated, and two methylated lysines; epsilon-N-monomethyllysine and epsilon-N-trimethyllysine were recognized at the 35th and 130th positions, respectively, as in rabbit skeletal myosin. Comparing the 205-residue sequence of the skeletal myosin with those of cardiac, and gizzard myosins from chicken, considerable differences are recognized, especially in the amino-terminal region, but strong homologies are observed around the reactive lysine residue, around the epsilon-N-trimethyllysine residue, and around the consensus sequence of GXXGXGKT for nucleotide-binding proteins. On the other hand, only 12 amino acid substitutions are recognized between adult and embryonic skeletal myosins, allowing for the post-translational methylation.
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PMID:The primary structure of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain: I. Sequence of the amino-terminal 23 kDa fragment. 193 27

Actobindin is a protein from Acanthamoeba castellanii with bivalent affinity for monomeric actin. Because it can bind two molecules of actin, actobindin is a substantially more potent inhibitor of the early phase of actin polymerization than of F-actin elongation. The complete amino acid sequence of 88 residues has been deduced from the determined sequences of overlapping peptides obtained by cleavage with trypsin, Staphylococcus V8 protease, endoproteinase Asp-N, and CNBr. Actobindin contains 2 trimethyllysine residues and an acetylated NH2 terminus. About 76% of the actobindin molecule consists of two nearly identical repeated segments of approximately 33 residues each. This could explain actobindin's bivalent affinity for actin. The circular dichroism spectrum of actobindin is consistent with 15% alpha-helix and 22% beta-sheet structure. A hexapeptide with sequence LKHAET, which occurs at the beginning of each of the repeated segments of actobindin, is very similar to sequences found in tropomyosin, muscle myosin heavy chain, paramyosin, and Dictyostelium alpha-actinin. A longer stretch in each repeated segment is similar to sequences in mammalian and amoeba profilins. Interestingly, the sequences around the trimethyllysine residues in each of the repeats are similar to the sequences flanking the trimethyllysine residue of rabbit reticulocyte elongation factor 1 alpha, but not to the sequences around the trimethyllysine residues in Acanthamoeba actin and Acanthamoeba profilins I and II.
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PMID:The covalent structure of Acanthamoeba actobindin. 237 77

Acanthamoeba profilin-II [Kaiser, D.A., Sato, M., Ebert, R. F. and Pollard, T.D. (1986) J. Cell. Biol. 102, 221-226] was digested with trypsin or cleaved by 2-(2-nitrophenylsulphenyl)-3-methyl-3-bromoindolenine. The tryptic peptides were purified by reversed-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography and completely sequenced using automated gas-phase sequence analysis. The complete profilin-II sequence was deduced by ordering the tryptic peptides using the sequence information of the tryptophan-cleavage products. Acanthamoeba profilin-II was found to be homologous to the previously determined profilin-I sequence [Ampe, C., Vandekerckhove, J., Brenner, L., Tobacman, L. and Korn, E.D. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 834-840]. Like profilin-I, profilin-II consists of 125 amino acids, has a blocked NH2 terminus and a trimethyllysine residue at position 103. Profilin-II differs in at least 21 positions from one of the profilin-I isoforms. The amino acid exchanges are mainly concentrated in the middle part of the sequence. Profilin-II contains two more basic residues than profilin-I, which explains its higher isoelectric point.
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PMID:The primary structure of the basic isoform of Acanthamoeba profilin. 333 56

Identical tripeptides of the sequence X-Pro-Lys, where X is an unknown blocking group, were isolated from trypsin digests of bovine cardiac alkali light chain and the LC2 light chain of rabbit fast muscle. Chemical, electrophoretic and 1H-NMR evidence characterized X as an unusual amino acid, alpha-N-trimethylalanine (Me3Ala), which was earlier reported as the N-terminal amino acid of the A1 alkali light chain of rabbit fast muscle [Henry et al. (1982) FEBS Lett. 144, 11-15]. The narrow line width and chemical shift position (delta = 3.23 ppm) of the--N+-(CH3) protons of Me3Ala made 1H-NMR spectroscopy a convenient method to search for this residue in other light chains. A survey of many different light chains showed that this signal was present in all vertebrate striated muscle light chains of the A1-type (LC1, 'essential' light chains) and LC2-type ('DTNB'-light chains, 'phosphorylatable' light chains) but was absent from all invertebrate muscle and vertebrate smooth muscle light chains tested. It was also absent from the vertebrate fast-muscle-specific A2-type (LC3) light chains. The spectral characteristics of these signals were consistent with their having arisen from the protons of an--N+-(CH3)3 grouping. Since no epsilon-trimethyllysine could be detected in acid hydrolysates of these proteins, it appears that Me3Ala is a general feature as the N-terminal amino acid in these light chains. 1H-NMR studies on bovine cardiac myosin subfragment 1 (S1) showed that the Me3Ala methyl proton signal was clearly visible and that the spectrum more closely resembled that of a rabbit S1 isoenzyme, S1(A1), than S1(A2), suggesting that the 40-residue N-terminal segment of the alkali light chain in cardiac S1 also possesses a high segmental mobility. Addition of actin caused the same gross changes to the cardiac S1 spectrum as noted earlier for rabbit S1(A1) [Prince et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 121, 213-219]. In particular, a marked reduction in the segmental mobility of the N-terminal region of the alkali light chain was noted, consistent with a direct interaction of this area with actin.
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PMID:The widespread distribution of alpha-N-trimethylalanine as the N-terminal amino acid of light chains from vertebrate striated muscle myosins. 397 97

The sequence of 437 amino acid residues of porcine heart citrate synthase [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (pro-3S-CH2COO leads to acetyl-CoA), EC 4. 1. 3. 7] has been determined by the alignment of fragments generated by cleavage with cyanogen bromide and with trypsin. Isolation of the peptides was facilitated by recent developments in the high-performance liquid chromatography of peptide mixtures. The alignment of these peptides was consistent with that previously deduced from fragments derived by restricted cleavage of citrate synthase by limited proteolysis and cleavage of aspartyl-prolyl bonds and asparaginyl-glycyl bonds. The enzyme contains a modified amino acid, trimethyllysine, at residue 368, showing that the enzyme is subjected to post-translational modification.
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PMID:Primary structure of porcine heart citrate synthase. 679 32

Protein L11 was isolated from the 50-S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes, using two salt extractions and two chromatographic separations on CM-cellulose. The unusual behavior of the protein when run on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis showed multiple bands. The complete primary structure of protein L11 is presented in detail. Its sequence was derived from peptides obtained by digesting the protein with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, Staphylococcus aureus protease and, after modification, with trypsin. Chemical cleavage was performed with cyanogen bromide. Sequencing of the various peptides was achieved by manual micro-dansyl-Edman degradations and automatic methods. The N-terminal residue of the protein is blocked and was not degradable in the liquid-phase sequenator by the Edman method. It was identified by a combination of enzymatic cleavage and mass spectrometry. Protein L11 contain three methylated amino acid residues, a N alpha-trimethylalanine, and two residues of N epsilon-trimethyllysine. Their behaviour and influence in the sequence elucidation are described. The protein contains 141 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 14874. Secondary structure predictions of the protein are given, and its sequence is compared with those of other E. coli ribosomal proteins.
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PMID:Purification and primary structure determination of the N-terminal blocked protein, L11, from Escherichia coli ribosomes. 700 66

The complete amino acid sequence of calmodulin from human brain has been determined by using peptides derived from digests with trypsin. Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and cyanogen bromide. The peptides were purified by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed with a sequenator. The protein contains 148 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 16792. As in other calmodulins, the amino-terminal residue of the protein is blocked by an acetyl group, and a trimethyllysine residue is located at position 115. The only difference between this sequence and those fully determined in other species is the assignment of amide groups.
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PMID:Complete amino acid sequence of human brain calmodulin. 709 3

The detailed proof of the 437-residue amino acid sequence (Mr 48,969) of porcine heart citrate synthase (EC 4.13.7) is described. The S-carboxymethylated protein has been cleaved at methionine (cyanogen bromide) and arginine (trypsin digest of citraconylated enzyme) residues to yield 14 and 17 major peptides, respectively. Peptides were initially fractionated by gel filtration, and those useful for sequence analysis were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sequence analyses were performed on these primary peptides and on subpeptides generated by cleavage with the bromine adduct of 2-[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfenyl]-3-methylindole, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, or acid. The overall sequence was confirmed by analyzing products of cleavage by hydroxylamine, acid, and subtilisin. A novel feature of the sequence is the identification of trimethyllysine at residue 368.
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PMID:Complete amino acid sequence of porcine heart citrate synthase. 709 27

Certain forms of ceroid lipofuscinosis, a hereditary degenerative disease, are characterized by accumulation of large amounts of subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase in lysosomal storage bodies of numerous tissues. The subunit c protein appears to constitute a major fraction of the total storage body protein. In previous studies it was demonstrated that hydrolysates of total storage body protein from affected humans and sheep contain significant amounts of epsilon-N-trimethyllysine (TML). This finding suggested that one or both of the two lysine residues of subunit c might be methylated in the stored form of the protein. The normal subunit c protein from mitochondria does not appear to be methylated. Using a putative canine model for the juvenile form of ceroid lipofuscinosis, analyses were conducted to determine whether lysosomal storage of subunit c was accompanied by lysine methylation of this protein. In affected dogs, as in humans and sheep with hereditary ceroid lipofuscinosis, the storage bodies were found to contain large amounts of subunit c protein, as indicated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and partial amino acid sequence analysis. The subunit c protein partially purified from isolated storage bodies was found to contain lysine and TML in an almost equimolar ratio. Normal subunit c contains 2 lysine residues, one at position 7 and the other at position 43. Removal of the first 7 residues of the partially purified protein through sequential Edman degradation resulted in a dramatic increase in the TML to lysine ratio in the residual protein. This suggests that lysine residue 43 is methylated. Confirmation that residue 43 of the stored protein is TML was obtained by amino acid sequence analysis after cleavage of the protein with trypsin. This finding strongly suggests that specific methylation of lysine residue 43 of mitochondrial ATP synthase plays a central role in the lysosomal storage of this protein.
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PMID:Lysine methylation of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c stored in tissues of dogs with hereditary ceroid lipofuscinosis. 814 84


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