Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparative analysis of the effectiveness and expediency of the local application of collocyl (128 patients), trypsin immobilized on textile cellulose and kapron matrix (186 patients) and gauze bandage moistened with a solution of enzymes and 10% sodium chloride was made. It was shown that collocyl as well as trypsin modified gauze and kapron accelerated cleansing the wounds of nonviable tissues, decreased their infectivity, reduced intoxication of the organism and improved the course of the wound process.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of biologically active dressings of wounds on the course of the wound process]. 361 77

Isolated, intact rat liver nuclei have high-affinity (Kd = 10(-9) M) binding sites that are highly specific for nonsteroidal antiestrogens, especially for compounds of the triphenylethylene series. Nuclear [3H]tamoxifen binding capacity is thermolabile, being most stable at 4 degrees C and rapidly lost at 37 degrees C. More [3H]tamoxifen, however, is specifically bound at incubation temperatures of 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C although prewarming nuclei has no effect, suggesting exchange of [3H]tamoxifen for an unidentified endogeneous ligand. Nuclear antiestrogen binding sites are destroyed by trypsin but not by deoxyribonuclease I or ribonuclease A. The nuclear antiestrogen binding protein is not solubilized by 0.6 M potassium chloride, 2 M sodium chloride, 0.6 M sodium thiocyanate, 3 M urea, 20 mM pyridoxal phosphate, 1% (w/v) digitonin or 2% (w/v) sodium cholate but is extractable by sonication, indicating that it is tightly bound within the nucleus. Rat liver nuclear matrix contains high-affinity (Kd = 10(-9) M) [3H]tamoxifen binding sites present in 5-fold higher concentrations (4.18 pmol/mg DNA) than in intact nuclei (0.78 +/- 0.10 (S.D.) pmol/mg DNA). Low-speed rat liver cytosol (20 000 X g, 30 min) contains high-capacity (955 +/- 405 (S.D.) fmol/mg protein), low-affinity (Kd = 10.9 +/- 4.5 (S.D.) nM) antiestrogen binding sites. In contrast, high-speed cytosol (100 000 X g, 60 min) contains low-capacity (46 +/- 15 (S.D.) fmol/mg protein), high-affinity (Kd = 0.61 +/- 0.20 (S.D.) nM) binding sites. Low-affinity cytosolic sites constitute more than 90% of total liver binding sites, high-affinity cytosolic sites 0.3%-3.2%, and nuclear sites less than 0.5% of total sites.
 ...
PMID:Antiestrogen binding sites in rat liver nuclei. 406 96

Two different sialoproteins were isolated from the mineralized matrix of bovine bone by using extraction with guanidinium chloride first without and then with EDTA. The sialoproteins were purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose eluted with a sodium acetate gradient in 7 M-urea, pH 6. Two sialoproteins (I and II) were then separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose eluted with a sodium chloride gradient in 7 M-urea, pH 4. The ratio between recovered sialoprotein I and II was 1:5. The chemical analysis of the two sialoproteins showed that they differed. Both, however, had very high contents of aspartic acid/asparagine and glutamic acid/glutamine though they differed markedly in contents of leucine and glycine. Both sialoproteins contained phosphate, sialoprotein I more than sialoprotein II. Content of sialic acid was substantially higher in the more prominent sialoprotein II (13.4% of dry weight) than in sialoprotein I (4.8% of dry weight). The peptide patterns produced by trypsin digests of [125I]iodinated sialoproteins I and II showed both structural similarities and structural differences. Sialoprotein II, being the major component, was characterized further. Its molecular mass was 57300 Da determined by sedimentation-equilibrium centrifugation in 6 M-guanidinium chloride, and its sedimentation coefficient (S0(20),w) was 2.53 S. Upon rotary shadowing, sialoprotein II appeared as an extended rod, having a core with an average length of 40 nm. Two types of oligosaccharides, N-glycosidically and O-glycosidically linked to the core protein, were isolated from sialoprotein II. Contents of mannose and sialic acid in the O-linked oligosaccharide were surprisingly high. Antibodies against sialoprotein II were raised in rabbits and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed. Antigenicity of sialoprotein II was not affected by reduction and alkylation, was only partially lost upon trypsin digestion and was completely lost upon fragmentation of the core protein by alkaline-borohydride treatment, indicating that all antigenic sites were located in the protein portion. Sialoprotein I expectedly showed only partial immunological cross-reactivity with sialoprotein II. The quantity of sialoprotein II in bone extracts was found to be about 1.5 mg/g wet wt. of bone, but the protein was not detected in extracts of a number of other bovine tissues i.e. aorta, cartilage, dentine, kidney, liver, muscle, sclera, skin and tendon.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of two sialoproteins present only in bone calcified matrix. 409 17

Normal plasma has been found to inhibit the platelet aggregation-inducing effect of collagen in a time consuming reaction independent of temperature. Collagen treated with serum and washed has reduced reactivity which can be restored to normal by treatment with 1.5 M sodium chloride. On the basis of this result, it is suggested that inhibition results from adsorption to collagen of a plasma component. The inhibitory plasma component is destroyed at 56 degrees C, is unstable below pH 7, and migrates with the alpha globulins on starch block electrophoresis at pH 8.6. On the basis of ultrafiltration and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies, a molecular weight in the range of 330,000 is suggested and there may be an additional component of considerably greater size. Partial purification can be achieved by ion exchange chromatography. The purified fraction was completely inactivated by incubation with trypsin. Partially purified fractions inhibit cationic platelet aggregators such as collagen, polylysine, and hexadimethrine but do not affect anionic aggregators such as succinylated collagen and sodium stearate. Normal plasma and serum inhibit succinylated collagen and stearate. Stearate is inhibited by crystalline albumin and Cohn fraction IV-4. It is suggested that plasma proteins may regulate platelet adhesion to collagen and other vessel wall materials.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by normal plasma. 410 68

Kinetic studies on the interaction of the bacteriocin produced by phage type 71 Staphylococcus aureus with susceptible bacterial cells were undertaken. Survivors among susceptible bacteria to which the bacteriocin has been added can be rescued after trypsin treatment. The bacteriocin adsorbs very rapidly to susceptible streptococcal cells at a time when killing of the cells is only minimal. Heat-killed or mechanically disrupted cells are also effective in adsorbing the bacteriocin. Adsorption is comparable at 37 C and 25 C, but is less pronounced at 4 C. Elution of adsorbed bacteriocin could not be achieved by heating, by varying pH, or by using different concentrations of sodium chloride solutions. Surface M protein of streptococcal cells plays no role in the adsorptive process. Adsorption is specific in that only susceptible bacteria, but not resistant ones, are capable of adsorbing the bacteriocin.
 ...
PMID:Kinetic studies on the interaction of bacteriophage type 71 staphylococcal bacteriocin with susceptible bacteria. 426 33

Minimal growth temperatures of four marine and two terrestrial strains of Clostridium botulinum type C were determined in a laboratory culture medium, fortified egg meat medium (FEM), and in ground haddock. The inoculum equaled 2 x 10(6) viable spores per tube with five-tube replicate sets. The spores were preheated in aqueous suspension at 71 C for 15 min prior to inoculation to reduce toxin carry-over. Similar results were obtained in both substrates. Both the marine and the terrestrial strains grew at 15.6 C, but only the terrestrial strains grew at 12.8 C. None of the strains grew at 10 C during prolonged incubation. The sodium chloride tolerance and the pH sensitivity of the marine and the terrestrial strains were determined at 30 C. The basal medium consisted of beef infusion broth. The inoculum level equaled 2 x 10(6) unheated spores per replicate. Growth was inhibited at salt concentrations from 2.5 to 3.0%. The terrestrial strains were more pH-sensitive than the marine strains. Whereas the terrestrial strains failed to grow below pH 5.62, three of the marine strains grew at pH 5.10, but not at pH 4.96, during extended incubation. One marine strain grew at pH 5.25, but not below. FEM and proteose peptone-Trypticase-yeast extract-glucose medium permitted the production of high levels of botulinum toxin among four media tested. Toxin produced by the marine and terrestrial strains showed no increase in toxicity after incubation with trypsin.
 ...
PMID:Minimal growth temperature, sodium chloride tolerance, pH sensitivity, and toxin production of marine and terrestrial strains of Clostridium botulinum type C. 494 1

A DNA-peptide complex that is soluble in 0.2m-sodium chloride can be prepared by trypsin digestion of calf thymus nucleoprotein. The trypsin-digested nucleoprotein molecule contains about 70% of DNA and 30% of peptides by weight, and consists of one DNA molecule associated with arginine-rich peptides. A series of trypsin-digested nucleoprotein preparations differing only in molecular weight were prepared by blending. The intrinsic viscosity and average sedimentation coefficient were determined for each of these preparations. Then the DNA was isolated from each preparation and the hydrodynamic measurements were repeated on the DNA. From a comparison of these results it was concluded that the presence of the complex-forming peptides causes a large decrease in intrinsic viscosity of the DNA and an increase in sedimentation coefficient. In addition, the hydrodynamic data indicate that the DNA-peptide complex behaves like a coil in solution but is more compact than the same length of DNA. The ;melting' profiles, streptomycin precipitation curves and maximum viscosities obtained with ethidium bromide binding for the trypsin-digested nucleoprotein are similar to those of purified DNA, and markedly different from those of undigested nucleoprotein. These findings suggest that the peptides are not strongly associated with the DNA, and that secondary valency forces are involved in the binding.
 ...
PMID:Some physical and chemical properties of trypsin-digested nucleoprotein. 568 10

The macromolecular arrangement on the surface of Bacillus polymyxa was revealed by metal shadowing of whole cells and wall fragments; it consisted of a rectangular array of 70-A globules with a repeating interval of 100 A. The substructure was studied in plan with phosphotungstic acid (pH 6) or uranyl acetate as negative stains of fragments and was studied also in profile with sections of embedded material. Staining of sections of cells fixed with glutaraldehyde showed that layering (approx. 80-A dense, 40-A light, and 120-A dense layers, outermost layer first) could be demonstrated in the cell wall with lead or uranyl acetate, used together or separately. The outer "dense" layer corresponded to the regularly arrayed structure (RS); it was removed by guanidine hydrochloride, sodium lauryl sulfate, cold formamide, and by trypsin. The RS layer (isolated by a hydrogen bond breaking reagent, guanidine hydrochloride) was disrupted by agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate or damaged by 3 m sodium chloride. Qualitative chemical tests, ultraviolet absorption, and removal by trypsin indicated that the structured layer consisted mainly of protein, but exact characterization was not attempted. The globular units making up the layer consisted of a small number of subunits, imperfectly resolved by negative staining. The underlying polysaccharide appeared to be covalently bound to the deepest (probably mucopeptide) layer since it required "hot" formamide for its removal. A survey of species was not made.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Bacillus polymyxa. 602 7

Red cells, trypsin-treated to render them more agglutinable and coupled with antiglobulin reagents, may be preserved by droplet freezing in liquid nitrogen. A 2% cell suspension in 0.45% w/v sodium chloride, 5% w/v sucrose and 10% w/v dextran 40 was used. After thawing the frozen pellets in phosphate-buffered saline at 40 degrees C, more than 80% cell recovery was obtained. Sheep and ox red cells preserved in this way were as satisfactory in antiglobulin and in reverse passive haemagglutination tests as unfrozen indicator red cells. Trypsin-treated human red cells coupled with anti-IgE could likewise be frozen and on reconstitution used to assay IgE in human serum. Reconstituted ox red cells were slightly less efficient in rosetting than cells which had not been frozen.
 ...
PMID:Cryopreservation of antibody-coupled red cells for use in immunoassays. 618 15

A homogeneous population of single cells from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) has been isolated from the rabbit kidney medulla. A total medullary cell suspension was prepared by a series of collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin digestions and separated on a Ficoll gradient (2.6-30.7% wt/wt). Morphologically, the cells isolated from the TALH were homogeneous and showed polarity within their plasma membrane structure, with a few blunt microvilli on their apical surface and deep infoldings of the basal-lateral membrane. Biochemically, the TALH cells were highly enriched in calcitonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase and Na, K-ATPase. Alkaline phosphatase and arginine vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase, highly concentrated in proximal tubule and collecting duct, were present only in low concentrations in the TALH cells. Additionally, furosemide, a diuretic inhibiting sodium chloride transport in the TALH in vivo, inhibited oxygen consumption of the TALH cells in a dose-dependent manner. The TALH cells were viable, as judged by morphological appearance, trypan blue exclusion, the response of oxygen consumption to 2,4-dinitrophenol, succinate and ouabain, and the cellular Na, K and ATP levels.
 ...
PMID:Separation of renal medullary cells: isolation of cells from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. 625 27


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>