Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 1.8 mg/liter (LC50) of mercuric chloride exposure on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, amylase, pepsin, trypsin, tripeptidase glycyl-glycine dipeptidase and carnosinase has been examined in Channa punctatus. The three phosphatases have been inhibited in the liver but showed an increase in activity in the intestine and pyloric caeca. Amylase, pepsin and trypsin have also shown a slight increase in activity. There has been no significant alteration in the activites of the peptidases. The results show that mercury inhibits the activites of phosphatases in the liver but has no significant effect on the digestive enzymes within the experimental period of 96 hours.
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PMID:Effect of mercuric chloride on the digestive system of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus. 21 48

Alterations in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase amylase, trypsin, pepsin, aminotripeptidase, glycylglycine dipeptidase and carnosinase due to exposure of Channa punctatus to a sublethal concentration (0.30 mg/L) of mercuric chloride by bath for 20 days have been studied in the different parts of the digestive system. Afall in the activities of the three phosphatases was recorded except for alkaline phosphatase which showed a slight elevation in activity in intestine and pyloric caeca. An increase in the activity of amylase and the two proteases was observed in all the portions of the digestive system. The three peptidases revealed a decrease in activity.
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PMID:The in vivo effect of mercuric chloride on some digestive enzymes of a fresh water teleost fish, Channa punctatus. 22 1

Anhydrotrypsin, a derivative of bovine trypsin, immobilized on Sepharose tightly adsorbs various peptides containing L-arginine at the carboxyl termini, such as bradykinin and tuftsin. These peptides correspond to the specific products of the action of trypsin-like enzymes. Native trypsin immobilized on Sepharose does not show such strong affinity. Fragment 2, a peptide with 41 amino acid residues, which has been released together with bradykinin from bovine high-molecular-weight kininogen by the action of plasm kallikrein, is also adsorbed on the immobilized anhydrotrypsin. When only the carboxyl-terminal arginine is removed with carboxy-peptidase B, however, the peptide loses its adsorptive ability. Immobilized anhydrochymotrypsin, on the other hand, exerts specific affinity for the peptides which correspond to the products of chymotrypsin. These results suggest that the anhydro-derivatives of serine-proteseas in general may be of great use in the affinity chromatography of respective series of various naturally occurring peptides.
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PMID:Specific isolation of biologically-active peptides by means of immobilized anhydrotrypsin and anhydrochymotrypsin. 57 60

The synthesis of proenkephalin was assessed in primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells by incubation of the cells with [35S]methionine, digestion of proenkephalin-derived peptides with trypsin and carboxy-peptidase B, and quantitation of radioactivity incorporated into Met-enkephalin following reversed-phase HPLC. Nicotine, histamine, and vasoactive intestinal peptide each enhanced the rate of proenkephalin synthesis approximately 10-fold when examined between 16 and 32 h after the drug or hormone addition. Inclusion of nifedipine (1 microM) partially blocked the stimulatory effect of nicotine, but not that of vasoactive intestinal peptide or histamine, or proenkephalin synthesis. Theophylline, tetrabenazine, and angiotensin II also increased the rate of proenkephalin synthesis (three- to eight-fold). These increases in the apparent rate of proenkephalin synthesis were not attributable to altered [35S]methionine specific radioactivity or rates of turnover and did not reflect similar increases in total protein synthesis. The half-life for turnover of Met-enkephalin sequences was 3-4 days in the cultured chromaffin cell. These studies directly show that proenkephalin synthesis is the primary regulatory step in control of chromaffin cell opioid peptide content.
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PMID:Regulation of proenkephalin synthesis in adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. 199 99

The biosynthesis of the protein precursor of [Met]enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) was studied using cell-free translation systems to characterize the enkephalin-precursor gene product and mRNA. Proteins obtained by translation of bovine adrenal medullary mRNA in the presence of [35S]methionine were digested with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. The resultant peptides were immunoprecipitated with anti[Met]enkephalin serum and subsequently analyzed by reverse phase HPLC. [35S][Met]Enkephalin (up to 0.2 fmol/micrograms mRNA, identified by antigenic specificity and chromatographic mobility, was isolated from peptides obtained from proteins whose synthesis was dependent upon adrenal medullary mRNA. Both trypsin and carboxy-peptidase B were required to generate [35S][Met]enkephalin from translation products. The largest protein containing the [35S]-[Met]enkephalin sequence synthesized in the wheat germ system has a Mr, of 31,000 +/- 1000, determined by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Adrenal medullary mRNA coding for protein containing the [35S][Met]enkephalin sequence was resolved into a major fraction of 1450 +/- 150 nucleotides and a minor fraction of 47000 +/- 450 nucleotides, as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of methylmercuric hydroxide. It is proposed that the major enkephalin-precursor gene product of adrenal medulla is a protein of Mr approximately 31,000.U
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PMID:Cell-free translation and partial characterization of mRNA coding for enkephalin-precursor protein. 695 Nov 59

Amylase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, beta-fructosidase, trypsin, aminotripeptidase, leucine-aminopeptidase, prolinase, prolidase glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase and glygylglycine dipeptidase are present in the 3rd instar larvae of Chilo auricilius.
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PMID:Digestive enzymes in the gut and salivary gland of the larvae of Chilo auricilius Ddgn. 698 21

Although the number of enkephalin-containing polypeptides (ECP's) from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules have been isolated and sequenced the complete sequence of the translation product has not been determined. Preliminary data from cDNA suggests a 1500 mRNA is the precursor mRNA. Continuation of that line of research to clone the cDNA should provide the total precursor amino acid sequence. Data obtained from ovine chromaffin granules indicates that the ECP's from the species are very similar to those in bovine granules. If this is extended to other species it would appear that some of the ECP's may serve a role beyond that of an enkephalin precursor. In an analogy to pro-opiocortin the "proenkephalin" also may contain multiple hormone sequences. The sequences determined thus far imply trypsin-like enzymes and a carboxy-peptidase B are used to cleave the precursor. We have determined that both types of enzymes are indeed present in chromaffin granules and further studies of these enzymes will provide information of how the precursor cleavages are regulated.
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PMID:Enkephalin biosynthesis in the adrenal medulla. 712 93

Determination of enzymatic patterns of 30 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and 18 strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with a rapid APIZYM method was carried out. Alkaline and acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, 10 esterases, 20 glycosidases, 61 peptidases and 2 proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) were included. The strains investigated were isolated from yogurt and from different starters used for different Italian cheeses. For S. thermophilus, all strains were positive for 3 glycosidases, 4 monopeptidases, 9 dipeptidases, 1 tripeptidase and all were negative for 2 esterases; 9 glycosidases; 8 peptidases and trypsin. For L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus it was observed that all strains were positive for 2 esterases; 2 glycosidases; 11 monopeptidases, 9 dipeptidases, 2 tripeptidases and 1 tetrapeptidase and all were negative for alkaline-phosphatase; 3 esterases, 7 glycosidases, 5 monopeptidases, 2 dipeptidases. The defined enzymatic pattern of starter cultures can be used for predicting their suitability for dairy fermentations and for monitoring their stability as well as for typing.
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PMID:Rapid enzymatic method for biotyping and control of lactic acid bacteria used in the production of yogurt and some cheeses. 857 94