Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anti-inflammatory activity of FL 70, a derivative of 2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, was examined in a number of conventional experimental models. In addition, FL-70 was tested for its inhibitory action on enzymes. The results were as follows: 1. The induction of a local inflammatory reaction and the subsequent i.v. injection of trypan blue showed that FL 70 reduces the capillary permeability. 2, FL-70 significantly suppresses exudation in the formalin-induced peritonitis of the rat. 3. A slight inhibition of an edema in the footpad of the rat induced by formalin-dextran was not shown to be statistically significant. 4. Local swelling could be markedly inhibited in the turpentine-oil induced inflammatory reaction of the rabbit. 5. Exudation and formation of granulomatous tissue was inhibited in Selye's granuloma. 6. FL-70 markedly inhibited the local inflammatory reaction accompanying the cutaneous reaction in experimental vaccinia infection of the rabbit skin. The size of the infiltration after intracutaneous infection of the virus was not reduced. 7. FL-70 could not prevent the onset of clinical signs, if administered in experimental allergic encephalitis. 8. The activity of acid phosphatase was inhibited by FL-70. Alcaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, leucin aminopeptidase, glucose-6- phosphatase-dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), trypsin and chymotrypsin were unaffe-ted. FL-70 inhibits the following, G-6-PDH activated reduction process: glucose-6-phosphate (see article).
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PMID:[Anti-inflammatory activity of a new quinoid polyradical (FL-70)]. 16 92

Collagenase, trypsin, and pronase were used in separate, parallel experiments to obtain cell suspensions from human prostates obtained from surgical resections and autopsies. All of the examined prostates demonstrated benign hyperplasia. The dissociation using pronase gave both the largest number of nucleated cells and the largest proportion of viable cells from prostates. Surgically resected prostates gave a larger number of cells per gram of tissue than prostates obtained from autopsy. Cells obtained from surgically resected prostates were separated both by isopycnic sedimentation and by velocity sedimentation in a previously described isokinetic gradient. We studied fifteen prostates obtained at surgery; using pronase, we obtained 2.1 plus or minus 3.5 times 10(6) cells/g. Of these cells, 34.0 plus or minus 14.7% contained histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase. Cells from six prostates were separated by velocity sedimentation in the isokinetic gradients; in the purest fractions from the isokinetic gradients, 81.0 plus or minus 12.2% of nucleated cells had histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase. The cells in the purest fractions appeared to be epithelial cells. More than 99% of these separated cells excluded trypan blue. Isopycnic sedimentation was not an effective means of purifying epithelial cells from human prostates.
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PMID:Separation of cells with histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase activity from suspensions of human prostatic cells in an isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium. 16 80

Two metabolically distinct types of bone cell populations were isolated from mouse calvaria by a repetitive digestive procedure with a mixture of collagenase and trypsin. Cells released early in the digestion showed approximately two-fold increases in cAMP when treated with either parathormone or calcitonin. These populations were denoted CT type. Later eluting cells showed larger parathormone-induced increases in cAMP but did not respond to calcitonin. These populations were denoted PT type. Six metabolic and enzymatic activites were measured in the two types of populations: acid and alkaline phosphatases, hyaluronate synthesis, citrate decarboxylation, prolyl hydroxylase, and general protein synthesis. Although each of these activites was present in both cell types, the basal levels of acid phosphatase and hyaluronate synthesis were higher in the CT cells, whereas alkaline phosphatase, citrate decarboxylation, and prolyl hydroxylase were higher in te PT cells. Parathormone stimulated acid phosphatase and hyaluronate synthesis by 100-200% only in the CT cells; in inhibited alkaline phosphatase, citrate decarboxylation, and prolyl hydroxylase by 75-90% only in the PT cells. Calcitonin alone had no effect on any of these activities other than cAMP production, but in inhibited the action of parathormone in the CT cells. The sensitivities, time courses of development,and magnitudes of these hormonal effects were similar to those observed previously in intact calvaria, indicating that the isolated cell system is a reliable model for the study of bone metabolism. Based on the metabolic responses of the cells, we postulate that the CT type of populations is enriched in osteoclasts and, possibly, osteocytes, and the PT type of population is enriched in osteoblasts.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization with parathormone and calcitonin of isolated bone cells: provisional identification of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. 18 58

The effect of 1.8 mg/liter (LC50) of mercuric chloride exposure on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, amylase, pepsin, trypsin, tripeptidase glycyl-glycine dipeptidase and carnosinase has been examined in Channa punctatus. The three phosphatases have been inhibited in the liver but showed an increase in activity in the intestine and pyloric caeca. Amylase, pepsin and trypsin have also shown a slight increase in activity. There has been no significant alteration in the activites of the peptidases. The results show that mercury inhibits the activites of phosphatases in the liver but has no significant effect on the digestive enzymes within the experimental period of 96 hours.
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PMID:Effect of mercuric chloride on the digestive system of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus. 21 48

In order to elucidate the cytochemical properties of the membranous structure between enamel and ameloblasts of the rat incisor at the maturation stage, chromic phosphotungstic acid (Cr-PTA) and periodic acid-silver methenamine (PA-silver) techniques for electron microscopy were employed in combination with a digestion test with hyaluronidase, neuraminidase, collagenase or trypsin. Also, acid phosphatase activity of ameloblasts at the maturation stage was examined with a modified GOMORI's metal salt method. An intensely Cr-PTA reactive band approximately 0.1 micron thick appeared along the surface layer of enamel at the transitional stage, and at the very beginning of the maturation stage another intensely Cr-PTA reactive band which was seen by uran-lead stain to be a delicate electron-dense membranous structure appeared as well between enamel and ameloblasts. A lot of cytoplasmic small vesicles or tubular structures, both intensely reactive to Cr-PTA, were observed near the apical membranes of the overlying ameloblasts indicating that those organelles must have been responsible for the secretion of the latter band. Acid phosphatase activity was clearly demonstrated at Cr-PTA reactive large vesicles in the cytoplasm of those cells. The PA-silver staining technique manifested a band heavily deposited with silver grains along the surface layer of enamel, i.e., where the former band existed, but showed no particular reaction at the latter, the band-like layer between enamel and ameloblasts. Hyaluronidase or neuraminidase treatment remarkably decreased the Cr-PTA reaction of the latter band. Trypsin or collagenase treatment, on the other hand, not only eliminated the Cr-PTA reaction but digested the band itself. These results suggest that the membranous structure between enamel and ameloblasts of a rat incisor is not so-called enamel cuticle but a basal lamina produced by overlying ameloblasts and that the basal lamina contains collagenous components even though it lies on enamel.
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PMID:Cytochemical studies of ameloblasts and the surface layer of enamel of the rat incisor at the maturation stage. 21 3

Alterations in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase amylase, trypsin, pepsin, aminotripeptidase, glycylglycine dipeptidase and carnosinase due to exposure of Channa punctatus to a sublethal concentration (0.30 mg/L) of mercuric chloride by bath for 20 days have been studied in the different parts of the digestive system. Afall in the activities of the three phosphatases was recorded except for alkaline phosphatase which showed a slight elevation in activity in intestine and pyloric caeca. An increase in the activity of amylase and the two proteases was observed in all the portions of the digestive system. The three peptidases revealed a decrease in activity.
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PMID:The in vivo effect of mercuric chloride on some digestive enzymes of a fresh water teleost fish, Channa punctatus. 22 1

The effect of exposure to a sublethal concentration (0.30 mg/l) of mercuric chloride on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, amylase, trypsin, and pepsin has been examined at intervals of 7, 15, and 30 d in the digestive system of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus. Inhibition of the activities of all these enzymes was noted after the first week of treatment. Treatment of the fish for 15 d resulted in marked increases in the activities of all the enzymes. A slight fall in enzyme activity was recorded after 30 d, but the overall activity was higher than in control fish.
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PMID:Chronic mercuric chloride intoxication in digestive system of Channa punctatus. 36 60

The effect of exposure of Channa punctatus to a sub-lethal concentration of lead nitrate on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase amylase, maltase, lactase, trypsin and pepsin has been investigated. A decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase has been recorded after 15 days of exposure but there was no significant change after 30 days. Acid phosphatase showed an elevation in activity of both stages. All the three carbohydrases shows elevation after 15 days, followed by an inhibition after 30 days of treatment. The activity of pepsin and trypsin remained above the normal level throughout the tensure of the experiment reveal that the pattern of alteration in enzyme activities is different in liver and digestive system.
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PMID:Alternations in the activity of some digestive enzymes of Channa punctatus, exposed to lead nitrate. 66 84

The effect of a sublethal concentration (0.30 mg/l) of mercuric chloride exposure on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, amylase, trypsin, and pepsin has been examined at intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days in the digestive system of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus. An inhibition in the activity of all the above enzymes was noted after the first week of treatment. Treatment of the fishes for 15 days resulted in a marked increase in activity of all the enzymes. A slight fall in enzyme activity was recorded after 30 days, but the overall activity was higher than in control fishes.
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PMID:Chronic mercuric chloride intoxication in the digestive system of Channa punctatus. 73 22

Our investigation of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostatic tissue during the past 2 1/2 years has produced several findings which have been published or accepted for publication. (a) Cells from hamster prostates with intense histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase activity (HDAP) after fixation with formaldehyde which we believe to be epithelial cells can be obtained in 97.2% +/- 0.8% purity by velocity sedimentation in a previously described isokinetic density gradient; (b) similarly, cells with HDAP, many of which contain lipofuscin granules, can be obtained as 81.0% +/- 12.2% of nucleated cells from hyperplastic human prostates and as 86.4% +/- 9.4% of nucleated cells from human prostatic carcinomas; (c) more cells were obtained from human hyperplastic prostates and prostates with prostatic carcinoma per gram of tissue with the aid of Pronase than were obtained with trypsin, collagenase, or mechanical methods; (d) more cells per gram of tissue were obtained from surgically removed prostates than from prostates obtained at even very rapid autopsies, and a much larger proportion of the cells from surgically removed prostates were viable as assessed both by dye exclusion and by plating efficiency; (e) none of several substrates and inhibitors which we tested were highly specific for acid phosphatase from purified prostatic epithelial cells compared with several other kinds of purified human cells; and (f) purified hamster prostatic epithelial cells incorporate large amounts of tritiated thymidine in 72-hour cultures.
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PMID:Separation and characterization of epithelial cells from prostates and prostatic carcinomas: a review. 87 27


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