Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human trophoblast isolation and cell culture procedures were examined to identify variables that enhance secretion of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in primary culture. Brief exposure of unminced first-trimester placental specimens to a solution of trypsin-EDTA-DNAse, and isolation of the dispersed cells after Ficoll-hypaque centrifugation yielded primary cultures that were high in HCG secretion and content of epithelial-like cells. The gradual decline in HCG level with time in monolayer culture in these presumptive trophoblast cells was retarded by treatment with theophylline and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Exposure to methotrexate (MTX) did not increase HCG secretion in normal trophoblast cells, in contrast to a 5-fold stimulation by MTX in the JAR line of choriocarcinoma cells. Clusters of polygonal cells in primary culture progressively lost their capacity to secrete HCG and their epithelial-like morphology. However, they could be maintained as cell strains through approximately 15 passages over a period of 13 to 16 weeks.
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PMID:Isolation of function human trophoblast cells and their partial characterization in primary cell culture. 20 65

These data collect the advance made in the last few years in our laboratory in defining one epitope from the thyroglobulin (Tg) molecule (660 KDa) inducing Experimental Autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in CBA/J mice. We achieved the characterization of one EAT-inducer Tg peptide by combining "in vitro" biochemical and immunological approaches and "in vivo" studies. Since T cells recognize degraded forms of the antigen and since endogenous antigens preferentially activate class I-restricted T cells, we hypothesized that one cytotoxic T cell hybridoma, named HTC2, which prevents further EAT induction in mice injected with Tg would be specific for one EAT inducer peptide. In order to identify one Tg epitope inducing EAT, enzymatic treatment of the protein by trypsin, HPLC purification and sequence analysis were performed. Simultaneously, tryptic digests were used to pulse CBA/J macrophages and tested for their ability to be recognized by HTC2 cells. Lastly, when digests were recognized by HTC2 cells their capacity to induce EAT in CBA/J mice was evaluated. To further assess the pathogenicity of the sequenced Tg peptide, one synthetic peptide was made and its capacity to induce EAT verified. By this procedure we identified for the first time one 40 amino-acid peptide from human thyroglobulin inducing EAT in CBA/J mice.
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PMID:T cell mapping of one epitope from thyroglobulin inducing experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). 128 74

The synthesis and secretion of trypsin (trypsin model serine protease) inhibitors are regulated in ovarian follicles by gonadotropins. The superovulation stimulations with 400 IU FSH, 1000 IU PMSG, 1000 IU HCG, 750 IIU PMSG + 750 IU HCG influence in a different way the trypsin inhibiting activities (TIA) of blood plasma (BP) (Figs 1 and 2) and follicular fluid (fig. 3); this points to a possibility of local effects. An increase in the average values of TIA in BP was statistically significant during the whole experiment: P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.001 (following the administration of PMSG+HCG, or PMSG, and HCG); Antisergon administered in 68 hours after PMSG reduced this increase. The changes in the fraction of low-molecular TIA in BP (after BP treatment with perchloric acid) were of converse nature; a decrease in the average values ranged from P less than 0.02 to P less than 0.001 (following PMSG or other stimulations). Antisergon did not influence this decrease. The changes observed on particular days of the trial (Figs. 1 and 2) also indicate different effects of the preparations, mainly of the component LH, which resulted in the occurrence of large nonovulating follicles (greater than 10 mm--"cystic" ones). No such follicles were observed in nonstimulated ewes and after FSH stimulation. The administration of antisergon (goat's antiserum against PMSG) 68 hours after PMSG administration did not prevent their creation. The TIA of follicular fluid (FF) of antral follicles was on average tenfold in comparison with that of blood plasma; and the TIA FF of follicles greater than 10 mm was higher (up to P less than 0.001) than the TIA FF of follicles less than 10 mm. The administration of Antisergon in shorter intervals following PMSG administration (12, 24, 48 and 58 hours) influenced the average values of TIA BP in 120 hours (since PMSG administration) in dependence on time (Tab. I). The effects of Antisergon administered in 12 and 24 hours after PMSG administration on the TIA BP were insignificant if it was administered in 48 and 58 hours the TIA BP increased (P less than 0.02; P less than 0.001) in comparison with the interval of 12 hours. The TIA FF of follicles less than 5 mm, 5-10 mm and greater than 10 mm varied in dependence on the time intervals of Antisergon administration (Fig. 4). The statistical significance of these changes in shown in Tab. II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[The anti-proteolytic activity of blood and ovarian follicular fluid in sheep after stimulation with serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and administration of Antisergon]. 182 Oct 81

A testicular malignant teratoma containing embryoid bodies and other embryonic and extra-embryonic structures in various stages of development has been examined by several histochemical and immunohistological techniques to study the distribution of various substances in the teratomatous elements. The substances demonstrated included various types of mucins; argyrophil, argentaffin, Paneth cells and haemosiderin granules; alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-l-anti-trypsin, lysozyme, beta-HCG and CEA. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to early embryonic development.
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PMID:A histochemical and immunohistological study of a testicular malignant teratoma containing embryonic and extraembryonic elements in various stages of development. 620 Apr 21

Human chorio-amnion from term pregnancy was perfused in vitro in a dual perfusion apparatus. Renin released from the fetal membranes was almost entirely in the form of inactive renin (IR) (trypsin-activated). IR was released from both the chorion side and the amnion side. IR introduced on the chorion side of the chorio-amnion did not appear on the amnion side. When cells isolated from term amnion and chorion were grown in tissue culture, IR was released continuously from chorionic cells but not from amnionic cells. The release of IR did not parallel the release of LDH from cultured chorion cells. Exposure to low calcium medium (with or without EGTA) decreased IR release while LDH release increased (or remained constant). Exposure to the calcium ionophore (A 23187) resulted in a marked decrease in IR release. The release of IR from chorionic cells shows some similarities to the release of HCG from trophoblasts. It is expected that IR release from the chorion will show some similarities to R release from the kidney as well as major differences. The function, regulation, and processing of chorionic IR remain to be elucidated.
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PMID:Release of inactive renin from human fetal membranes and isolated trophoblasts. 675 76

A serine proteinase inhibitor (ovomucoid) has been isolated from duck egg white. The duck ovomucoid effectively inhibited HLE, PPE, chymotrypsin, and HCG in a 1:1 molar ratio, and trypsin in a 1:2 molar ratio. Inhibition of human plasmin and porcine pancreatic kallikrein was not observed. The ovomucoid shows equilibrium dissociation constants of 0.002; 2.4; 2.2; 6.1; and 18.0 nM for HLE, PPE, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and HCG, respectively. The molecule of inhibitor can simultaneously bind two trypsin molecules and one molecule of elastase (or chymotrypsin).
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PMID:A novel human leukocyte elastase inhibitor from duck egg white. 879 82