Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monitoring of plasma proteinases, proteinase inhibitors and other selective plasma proteins was evaluated in patients undergoing Y-graft aortofemoral bypass operation. Fast-reacting acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein, antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein) and slow-reacting proteins (haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin) increased significantly 48-120 h after operation. By contrast, no significant increase was found between plasma ceruloplasmin levels before clamping and after declamping. Activity and concentration of alpha 2-macroglobulin decreased postoperatively and remained significantly lowered throughout the observation period. Plasma levels of granulocyte elastase were elevated significantly 1 h after declamping, whereas trypsin-binding capacity decreased immediately after the release of the clamp. Aprotinin pretreatment caused higher trypsin-binding capacity of the plasma, significantly lower 'unspecific' proteolytic (azocasein-hydrolyzing) activity and significantly lower non-TCA precipitable low molecular weight plasma protein concentration. Our results confirm the data of several authors that monitoring of plasma proteinases, proteinase inhibitors and other selective plasma proteins may be helpful in evaluating surgical patients postoperatively.
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PMID:Plasma proteinases, proteinase inhibitors and other selective plasma proteins following aortofemoral bypass operation. 242 35

We examined whether Brown Norway rat plasma (BN/May Pfd f) contains alpha 1-cysteine proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-CPI), also called major acute phase alpha 1-protein or T-kininogen. T-kininogen is a low molecular weight kininogen from which kinin can be released by trypsin but not by kallikreins. The BN plasma reacted with rabbit anti-alpha 1-CPI gamma globulins. Purified alpha 1-CPI released a kinin-like activity with trypsin and with homogenate of salivary glands, as Brown Norway rat plasma did. High concentration of added rat urine induced a small release (10%) of kinin from alpha 1-CPI. Preincubation of Brown Norway rat plasma with rabbit anti-rat alpha 1-CPI gamma-globulins nearly suppressed the kinin-forming substrate of trypsin in this plasma. These results indicated that plasma of our Brown Norway rats contains only alpha 1-CPI as kinin-forming substrate. This plasma contains low amount of alpha 2-macroglobulin, while its content in orosomucoid and haptoglobin was a little larger than that of Wistar rat plasma.
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PMID:Acute phase plasma proteins in kininogen-deficient Brown Norway rats. 243 May 37

C1r is a zymogen of a serine protease that is involved in the activation of the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. cDNAs coding for human C1r have been isolated from libraries prepared from poly(A) RNA from human liver and Hep G2 cells. From DNA sequence analysis, the overlapping cDNA inserts were shown to span 2493 nucleotides of the C1r mRNA, not including the poly(A) tail. The cDNA sequence coding for C1r contained a 5' noncoding region, 2115 nucleotides coding for a polypeptide precursor of 705 amino acids, and a 3' noncoding region. Some variability in the length of the 3' noncoding sequence was observed with the cDNA inserts, although most contained a polyadenylation signal followed by a poly(A) tail. The A or noncatalytic chain of C-1r, which originates from the amino-terminal end of the precursor molecule, contains a potential growth factor domain and two different pairs of internal repeats. One pair of these internal repeats is closely related to the amino-terminal sequence of C1s, while the other pair of repeats is homologous to the tandem repeats present in beta 2-glycoprotein I, complement factor B, the b subunit of factor XIII, and a single region present in the alpha 1 chain of haptoglobin. The B chain of C-1r contains the catalytic portion of the enzyme and is homologous to the trypsin family of serine proteases.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coding for human complement C1r. 302 Dec 5

It was found that polymeric sheep haptoglobin C interacts with duck egg ovomucoid and with maize trypsin inhibitor. These inhibitors do not block the region in haptoglobin C molecule which is responsible for the formation of its complex with hemoglobin. The binding of the natural protein inhibitors is suggestive of homology of the haptoglobin site involved in the interaction with the substrate-specific site of trypsin. It is assumed that the regions in these protein molecules adjacent to the active and specific sites also possess a high degree of homology.
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PMID:[Interaction of sheep haptoglobin with trypsin inhibitors]. 310 2

It was found that sheep haptoglobin causes non-competitive inhibition of trypsin. The enzyme inactivation is due to its interaction with haptoglobin. MetHb and thionine do not influence the efficiency of haptoglobin as a trypsin inhibitor. It is concluded that the haptoglobin molecule has a trypsin-binding site which differs from the sites responsible for the interaction with MetHb and thionine.
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PMID:[trypsin inhibition by sheep haptoglobin]. 317 58

The changes of 13 serum proteins in 53 ovarian tumour patients were studied by the radial immunodiffusion method from the beginning of treatment, during the course of disease. As to the course of the disease, in 6 of them characteristic and significant changes were observed. These were prealbumin, alpha 1-anti-trypsin, orosomucoid, coeruloplasmin, transferrin and haptoglobin. Although the differences could be evaluated as an average of investigations, the value of the examinations is greatly reduced by the very high scatter of the individual values.
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PMID:Changes of serum proteins in patients with malignant gynaecological tumours. 326 7

Human beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) was isolated from urine samples of patients with tubular dysfunctions and aggregated with glutaraldehyde. Four aggregates with molecular weights of 800,000, 480,000, 260,000, and 60,000 were separated by filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The aggregates and monomeric beta 2-m (11,800 MW) were subsequently labeled with 125I and tested for binding to streptococci. Group A streptococci bound only aggregated beta 2-m with a mean binding of 44.5%. Most of the group G streptococci, on the other hand, bound only monomeric beta 2-m with a mean binding of 58%. Among group B streptococci the serotypes with protein antigens interacted mainly with monomeric beta 2-m and those without protein antigens preferentially with aggregated beta 2-m. Nontypable group B streptococcal serotypes did not bind monomeric or aggregated beta 2-m. Of the streptococci belonging to group C, S. equisimilis reacted with monomeric beta 2-m and S. dysgalactiae with aggregated beta 2-m. S. equi did not interact with monomeric beta 2-m or aggregated beta 2-m. Bindings of monomeric beta 2-m and aggregated beta 2-m were saturable and could be inhibited by the respective unlabeled forms of beta 2-m. Fibrinogen, fibronectin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, or immunoglobulin G did not inhibit the binding of either form of beta 2-m. The binding sites for monomeric beta 2-m were more susceptible to trypsin than those for aggregated beta 2-m. Treatment of streptococci with pronase destroyed their binding activities for monomeric and aggregated beta 2-m. Both monomeric beta 2-m and aggregated beta 2-m binding sites were sensitive to heat. The Scatchard plots of monomeric beta 2-m and aggregated beta 2-m were linear with Kd of 1.29 X 10(-9) M and 1.9 X 10(-9) M respectively. The number of binding sites per bacterium were estimated to be 81,000 for monomeric beta 2-m and 1,210 for aggregated beta 2-m.
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PMID:Specific binding sites for monomeric and aggregated beta 2-microglobulin on surface of groups A, B, C, and G streptococci. 352 Feb 47

The effects of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP), and haptoglobin (Hp), the main constituents of alpha-globulin and which belong to acute-phase proteins, on NK activity were examined using K562 cells as the NK target cells. Among the three proteins, alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-AGP had inhibitory effects on NK activity for "fast target" K562 cells. The alpha 1-AT preparations having the same protein concentration and a different trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) had an equal effect. Although alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-AGP equally reduced the NK activity, the mechanism involved in the reduction differed, in that the effect of alpha 1-AT directed toward NK cells reduced their binding capacity with the target cells. alpha 1-AGP probably interacts with a cytotoxic factor secreted from NK cells following effector-target interaction. These studies suggest that each of the acute-phase proteins, which increase following inflammation, inhibits NK cell function by two distinct mechanisms.
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PMID:Influence of acute-phase proteins on the activity of natural killer cells. 387 63

Three human cell lines from adenocarcinomas of the extrahepatic biliary tract were established in permanent tissue culture. Mz-ChA-1 and Mz-ChA-2 were cultured from mechanically dissociated gallbladder adenocarcinoma metastases and SK-ChA-1 was grown from malignant ascites of a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree. Cell doubling times in tissue culture are 3-4 days for Mz-ChA-1 and approximately 2 days for Mz-ChA-2 and SK-ChA-1. All three tumour cell lines were successfully transplanted to nude mice, inducing progressive tumour growth. Histologically, nude mouse tumours resembled the original adenocarcinomas. In vitro formation of gland-like structures were regularly seen in Mz-ChA-1 and Mz-ChA-2 but only occasionally in SK-ChA-1. All three cell lines formed contacts through interdigitating processes with desmosomes and junctional complexes. On scanning electron microscopy, an abundance of microvilli was seen at the cell surfaces. Chromosome analyses of all three tumour cell lines showed a wide range of numerical abnormalities and presence of marker chromosomes. Mz-ChA-1 appears to be highly differentiated with cells producing mucus. Mz-ChA-2 synthesizes components of complement C2, C3 and C5, while Mz-ChA-1 and SK-ChA-1 produce only C3 in detectable quantities. In addition, Mz-ChA-2 supernatants are positive for ferritin and alpha 1-fetoprotein, but not CEA; while Mz-ChA-1 and SK-ChA-1 produce only CEA. Supernatants of all three cell lines are positive for N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA), phosphohexoisomerase (PHI) and LDH, and negative for alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-anti-trypsin, gamma-GT, AP, coeruloplasmin, haptoglobin and albumin. A high cloning efficiency renders these new tumour cell lines suitable for continued studies on clonal heterogeneity in malignant tumours. The establishment of these cell lines in tissue culture facilitates further studies on the biology of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer in man.
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PMID:Biliary adenocarcinoma. Characterisation of three new human tumor cell lines. 405 57

The antiproteinase activities against trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, papain and rat leucocyte proteinases were determined in plasma from control and Morris hepatoma-bearing rats. Bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin were similarly inhibited by the two types of plasma whereas porcine pancreatic elastase, papain and rat leucocyte neutral proteinases were more efficiently inhibited by plasma from tumour-bearing rats. The increased plasma concentrations of some proteinase inhibitors, as determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, are suggested to be responsible for the observed differences in inhibition. The highest increases in plasma of tumour-bearing rats were observed for alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-acute-phase globulin. The synthesis and secretion of six proteinase inhibitors: antithrombin III, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, alpha 1-macroglobulin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-acute-phase globulin and haptoglobin, as well as albumin, were measured in tissue slices from rat liver and Morris hepatoma after incubation with [14C]leucine. Local inflammation inflicted upon the tumour-bearing rats increased formation of acute-phase proteins in liver slices but not in hepatoma slices.
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PMID:Plasma proteinase inhibitors in Morris hepatoma-bearing rats: changes in the blood level and synthesis in tissue slices. 407 27


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